As a kind of transcription factors gene family, MADS-box genes play an important role in plant development processes. To find genes involved in the floral transition of Ginkgo biloba, a MADS-box gene, designated as GbMADS2, was cloned from G. biloba based on EST sequences by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis results showed that the cDNA sequence of GbMADS2 contained a 663 bp length ORF encoding 221 amino acids protein, which displayed typical structure of plant MADS-box protein including MADS, I, and K domains and C terminus. The sequence of GbMADS2 protein was highly homologous to those of MADS-box proteins from other plant species with the highest homologous to AGAMOUS (CyAG) from Cycas revoluta. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that GbMADS2 belonged to AGAMOUS clade genes. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that expression levels of GbMADS2 gene in female and male flower were significantly higher than those in root, stem, and leaves, and that GbMADS2 expression level increased along with time of flower development. The spatial and timecourse expression profile of GbMADS2 implied that GbMADS2 might be involved in development of reproductive organs. The isolation and expression analysis of GbMADS2 provided basis for further studying the molecular mechanism of flower development in G. biloba.
Increasing evidences have demonstrated that pyroptosis exerts key roles in the occurrence, development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the mechanisms of pyroptosis in COPD remain largely unknown. In our research, Statistics were performed using R software and related packages in this study. Series matrix files of small airway epithelium samples were downloaded from the GEO database. Differential expression analysis with FDR < 0.05 was performed to identify COPD-associated pyroptosis-related genes. 8 up-regulated genes (CASP4, CASP5, CHMP7, GZMB, IL1B, AIM2, CASP6, GSDMC) and 1 down-regulated genes (PLCG1) was identified as COPD-associated pyroptosis-related genes. Twenty-six COPD key genes was identified by WGCNA analysis. PPI analysis and gene correlation analysis showed their relationship clearly. KEGG and GO analysis have revealed the main pyroptosis-related mechanism of COPD. The expression of 9 COPD-associated pyroptosis-related genes in different grades was also depicted. The immune environment of COPD was also explored. Furthermore, the relationship of pyroptosis-related genes and the expression of immune cells was also be shown in the end. In the end, we concluded that pyroptosis influences the development of COPD. This study may provide new insight into the novel therapeutic targets for COPD clinical treatment.
Lonicera macranthoides, a medicinal herb mainly distributed in South China, is widely utilized in Chinese traditional medicines for its high yield and strong pharmacological properties rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids. However, the factors regulating plant growth and secondary metabolism in L. macranthoides are still largely unknown. In this study, the effects of different light qualities and hormone combinations on seedlings growth performance and metabolites production were investigated. The results showed that plants under red light produced greatest biomass of the shoots and roots, and also promoted plant photosynthesis as indicated by significantly greater values for Pn, Gs, Ci, and Tr, followed by white and blue LED. The tissue culture seedlings exhibited maximum plant height and stem diameter on the medium with 1.0mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) + 1.0mg/L Indole 3-butyric acid (IBA), while produced the highest amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids in medium containing 2.0mg/L BA + 0.2mg/L IBA. Red light dramatically enhanced the accumulation of chlorogenic acid (CGA), ferulic acid, luteoloside, and rutin than those under other light spectra conditions on the medium with low level of auxin. However, higher levels of auxin dramatically inhibited the CGA production under red light. Moreover, blue light can promote the accumulation of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside on these two media. The results indicate that the plant growth and secondary metabolism were dramatically influenced by light quality and auxin/cytokinin combinations. Light and auxin signaling crosstalk programmed secondary metabolites accumulation. Our findings provide effective strategies aiming to enhance biomass yield and bioactive compounds production in L. macranthoides.
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