Blends of a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)/polyamide 6 (PA 6) alloy toughened with a novel polyolefin elastomer poly(ethylene-1-octene) (POE) were prepared via melt extrusion. In order to improve the compatibilization between POE and the PPO/PA 6 alloy, POE was grafted with maleic anhydride (MA), which could react with the amine group of PA 6. The Izod impact strength of the blends exhibited an optimum when the extent of MA grafting of POE was changed, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of the untoughened blends. The morphology revealed that the size of the POE particles decreased with an increasing MA grafting ratio of POE. Studies on the tensile properties and rheology of the blends were also carried out.
An HPLC-UV-MS method for the analysis of aristolochic acids A, B, C and D, 7-OH-aristolochic acid A, and aristolic acid in a number of plant materials and their commercial products has been developed. HPLC with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionisation-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode allowed the identification of the target compounds and increased the selectivity of complex analyses such as those associated with multi-botanical preparations. The presented method was used to analyse 10 plant samples and six commercial products that possibly contained aristolochic acids. The resulting chromatographic profiles of the samples were significantly different from each other, and the method was directly transferred to HPLC-MS, which was used to confirm the presence of the six aristolochic acids mentioned above.
m
-Cresol is an important chemical material, which
is mainly derived from low-temperature coal tar. In this work, for
separating
m
-cresol from coal tar model oil, two
propylamine-based ionic liquids (ILs) propylamine formate ([PA][FA])
and propylamine acetate ([PA][Ac]) were selected as extractants. The
selected ILs were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform
infrared (FT-IR) and
1
H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy. The effects of temperature, mass ratio of IL to model
oil, and separation time on the separation efficiency of
m
-cresol were explored. The separation efficiency (SE) and distribution
coefficient (
D
) were calculated from the experimental
data to assess the separation performance of [PA][FA] and [PA][Ac].
The results showed that propylamine formate was a promising extractant
with the separation efficiency of 97.8% and distribution coefficient
of 27.59 at 298.15 K and
m
IL
/
m
oil
= 0.2. In the meantime, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations
were employed to comprehend the interaction mechanism, from which
the noncovalent interaction energy (IE), radial distribution function
(RDF), spatial distribution function (SDF), and averaged noncovalent
interaction (aNCI) were calculated. The results showed that both cation
and anion formed hydrogen bonds with
m
-cresol and
the anions played a leading role with electrostatic interaction energy
in separating
m
-cresol. In addition, the regeneration
and reuse of the ionic liquids were explored.
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