Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in immune and inflammatory responses and is important in controlling a variety of processes in monocytes and macrophages. However, very little information is available about the functions of HIF-1α in fish monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ). In this study, the cDNA sequence of the mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) HIF-1α gene (BpHIF-1α) was determined. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that BpHIF-1α is clustered in the fish HIF-1α tree. Constitutive expression of BpHIF-1α mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative PCR in all tested tissues, and the expression was found to be dramatically increased in the skin, liver, spleen, and kidney after Edwardsiella tarda infection. In addition, hypoxia and infection induced the expression of the BpHIF-1α transcript and protein in MO/MФ, respectively. Hypoxia caused an increase in phagocytic and bactericidal capacity of mudskipper MO/MФ in a BpHIF-1α-dependent manner. BpHIF-1α induced an anti-inflammatory status in MO/MФ upon E. tarda infection and hypoxia. Therefore, BpHIF-1α may play a predominant role in the modulation of mudskipper MO/MФ function in the innate immune system.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has become the main cause of mortality worldwide. Lectin galactoside-binding soluble-2 () is involved in the cytokine lymphotoxin-α (LTA) cascade that may influence the progress of CAD. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the 3279C>T (rs7291467) polymorphism and CAD. A total of 562 cases and 572 controls were recruited to examine the association. A systematic meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the contribution of 3279C>T polymorphism to the risk of CAD among 12,093 cases and 11,020 controls. There was no significant association found in the present case-control study. However, the meta-analysis showed that 3279C>T played a protective role in CAD [P=0.008, odds ratio (OR), 0.90; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.82-0.97] and particularly in the Asian population (P=0.006; OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.94). The present case-control study did not find a significant association between 3279C>T and CAD in the Eastern Han Chinese population. However, the meta-analysis indicated that 3279C>T played a protective role in CAD, suggesting an ethnic difference in the association of the locus with CAD.
In order to explore the effect of slurry ice on myofibrillar protein of Pseudosciaena crocea, the changes in myofibrillar protein and muscle microstructure during storage were studied with crushed ice as a control. During the storage period, the rate of decrease in myofibrillar protein content, Ca2+‐ATPase activity, and total sulfhydryl groups in the slurry ice group was lower than in the control group (p < .05). There was a significant linear correlation between the hydrophobicity and the storage time (Rcrushed ice (4℃) = 0.9881, Rslurry ice (4℃) = 0.9878, Rslurry ice (−1℃) = 0.9674), and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble peptide content was lower than in the control group at the same time. Slurry ice (−1℃) was optimal in maintaining protein content in P. crocea; the arrangement of myofibrils in P. crocea treated by slurry ice was compact and the gaps were small. Slurry ice can delay the denaturation and degradation of fish myofibrillar protein and maintain its quality.
Cold chain logistics is a common way of fresh-keeping transportation at present, but in the actual transportation and storage process, temperature control is often not accurate, which leads to shortened shelf life. We evaluated the changes in the quality of Pseudosciaena crocea at different temperature during transportation. Specimens of P. crocea, were immersed in slurry ice for 20 min, and stored at 22℃, 4℃, or -1℃ for 4 days. During this period, the development of rancidity of P. crocea was measured by sensory (odor, skin, color, and flesh appearance) and biochemical (total number of colonies, TVB-N value, and K-value) analyses. A combination of sensory and biochemical parameters, and the Arrhenius equation were used to predict the shelf-life of P. crocea during storage. After verification under different storage temperatures, the relative error between the predicted and the measured values was found to be within 15%. The present work provides theoretical guidance for the quality control of P. crocea during transportation and storage.
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