The quantum microwave measurement technology based on Rydberg atoms has developed rapidly and received widespread attention. It has shown significant advantages such as probe size independent of wavelength and broad spectrum measurement. Fiber-coupled vapor cell probes are one of the key technologies for portable quantum microwave measurement systems. The existing two-port fiber-coupled probe shares the GRIN lens and optical fibers for outputting detection light and inputting coupling light, which limits light transmission efficiency of the detection light to 17%. Under these conditions, the power of the inputting detection light must be increased to ensure sufficient power for the outputting detection light, causing the electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) spectrum broaden to 11 MHz, ultimately resulting in reduced measurement sensitivity. In this paper, we propose a three-port fiber-coupled atomic gas chamber probe with integrated dichroic mirror. Under the condition that the detection light and coupling light are transmitted in opposite directions and overlap in the vapor cell, the outgoing detection light is separated into a individual GRIN lens and output fiber, and the detection light transmission efficiency is 40.4%, and the half-height width of the EIT spectrum is reduced to 3 MHz. The probe was used to measure the microwave electric field intensity and phase; its effectiveness was verified by achieving the reception of QPSK, 16QAM digitally modulated signals.
Rydberg-atom electrometers promise traceable standards for RF electrometry by enabling stable and uniform measurement. In this Letter, we propose an approach to increase the sensitivity of the Rydberg-atom electrometer for far-detuned RF field sensing. The key physical mechanism is the addition of a new ingredient—a local RF field near-resonant with a Rydberg transition—so that the far-detuned field can be detected by the shift of an Autler–Townes (AT) splitting peak, which can be dozens of times larger than the AC Stark shift of the electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) signal without the near-resonant field. The method enables us to measure far-detuned fields with higher sensitivities, including sub-GHz RF fields (even DC electric fields) which are rarely involved in the existing sensitivity enhancement methods.
Rydberg atom is an atom with a high principal quantum number. Its quantum coherence effect enables the measurement of radio frequency electric fields in space. In this paper, the radio frequency pulse response characteristics of the radio frequency receiving system based on the Rydberg atom under different pulse widths and intensities have been studied. In the experiment, lasers with wavelengths of 852 nm and 510 nm were used to excite cesium atoms. Moreover, a radio frequency source emitted pulse signals with different parameters to irradiate Rydberg atoms. The probe signal transmitted from the atomic vapor cell was directed to the photodetector. Moreover, the oscilloscope recorded the electrical signal obtained by photoelectric conversion. In addition, the simulation ranging was performed by setting different pulse delay times through the fiber delay instrument. It has preliminarily proved that the radio frequency receiving system based on Rydberg atoms has the function of pulse ranging.
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