Introduction: Although Paralympic boccia is an up-and-coming sport, demanding more and requiring higher levels of performance from athletes, protocols are not available for evaluating its indicators. Objective: To develop and verify the applicability of a new protocol for assessing the precision of athletes of the sport. Methods: Two targets with two different resolutions (0.5 [RES-0.5] and 1.0 [RES-1.0] points) were developed, graduated from 1 to 7. The protocol consists of placing the targets at 6 locations on the court, and each athlete makes two shots for each target. The best results are considered, from which total precision (TotalP), short precision (SP), medium precision (MP) and long precision (LP) are extracted. Nine players participated in the application of the protocol. The indicators of both targets were compared and verified using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEm), bias (Bland-Altman) and minimum detectable difference (MDD). Results: Only for LP were there differences between targets (RES-0.5: 9.111 versus RES-1.0: 7.167; p <0.05), while TotalP, SP and MP did not show any significant differences (RES-0.5: 23.11 versus RES-1.0: 25.39; RES-0.5: 18.22 versus RES-1.0: 17.78; RES-0.5: 9.11 versus RES-1.0: 12.44, respectively). In addition, the RES-0.5 target obtained better concordance results (ICC = 0.73; SEm = 3.45; bias = -0.5938; MDD = 8.00), while the RES-1.0 target obtained lower values (CCI = 0.53; SEm = 6.28; bias = 0.3750; MDD = 14.56). Conclusions: The proposed protocol presents excellent applicability results. However, a larger sample of athletes including more details on specific precision indicators should be performed. Level of evidence II; Prospective comparative study.
Introduction: Although studies have been conducted in the athlete population during the pandemic, its impacts on Paralympic athletes are still unknown. Objective: To evaluate the mood and quality of life of Paralympic boccia players during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Method: Questionnaires assessing mood, quality of life, and demographic data were sent electronically via social media. The study included 43 athletes from all functional classes (BC1 = 8, BC2 = 12, BC3 = 11, and BC4 = 11) and four regions of Brazil (Northeast = 12, Southeast = 12, Central-West = 3, and South = 17). ANOVA, t test, and similar non-parametric tests were used, with the respective effect sizes (ES). Results: Regarding mood states, BC4 athletes differed from BC1 athletes in the depression subscale score (25.5 vs. 14.5, p = 0.026, ES=1.47). The fatigue subscale score differed between BC4 and BC1 athletes (17.8 vs. 10.4, p = 0.023, ES=1.38) and between BC4 and BC2 athletes (17.8 vs 10.3, p = 0.008, ES=1.32). BC4 athletes had higher total mood disturbance (TMD) values than BC1 (175 vs. 141, p = 0.025, ES=1.35) and BC2 (175 vs.141, p = 0.025, ES=0.97) athletes. Lower stress (18.5 vs.21.8, p = 0.027, ES=0.64) and TMD (148.0 vs 162.0; p = 0.044; ES= 0.53) values were observed among the national level athletes. In terms of quality of life, differences were found between BC4 and BC2 athletes in the psychological health domain (3.73 vs. 4.49, p = 0.024, ES=0.89) and between athletes from the Northeast and South in the environment domain (3.39 vs. 4.18, p=0.030, ES=0.44). Conclusion: BC4 athletes are more susceptible to negative mood and quality-of-life perceptions. Additionally, athletes from the Northeast region may have poorer perceptions of quality of life related to the environment in which they live. Level of evidence III; Retrospective study.
The measure of physical isolation adopted during a pandemic affected the daily routine of the whole world, including in the sports environment. Therefore, the study sought to compare the coping strategies used by Paralympic boccia athletes during the pandemic period. The sample consisted of 43 athletes (30 men and 13 women) aged 29.95±11,76 years. To identify and measure coping strategies, the ACSI-28 (athletic coping skills inventory) questionnaire was used in its version adapted to Portuguese and added to an electronic form. In data analysis, normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. After that, all inferential comparison analyzes were measured via nonparametric statistical tests with paired post-hoc DSCF tests. Thus, the results showed that there were significant differences between comparisons in terms of experience, “+10 years”, “5 to 10 years”, and “1 to 3 years” on the subscales “goals and mental preparation” (6.00±1.75 vs 5±1.50 vs 5±1.50; p<0.05; ES: 0.26) and “trainability” (9.00±3.25 vs 6.00±0.500 vs 8.00±3.00; p<0.05; ES: 0.19). More and less experienced athletes in the boccia modality showed superiority in facing the pandemic period, as they obtained better indices in the “goals and mental preparation and trainability” dimensions of coping strategies compared to their peers with less experience. La medida de aislamiento físico adoptada durante una pandemia afectó la rutina diaria de todo el mundo, incluso en el ámbito deportivo. Por lo tanto, el estudio buscó comparar las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los atletas de bocha paralímpico durante el período de pandemia. La muestra estuvo conformada por 43 deportistas (30 hombres y 13 mujeres) con edad 29.95±11,76 años. Para identificar y medir las estrategias de afrontamiento, se utilizó el cuestionario ACSI-28 (inventario de habilidades de afrontamiento atlético) en su versión adaptada al portugués y agregado a un formulario electrónico. En el análisis de datos, la normalidad fue verificada por la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk. Después de eso, todos los análisis de comparación inferencial se midieron mediante pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas con pruebas DSCF post-hoc emparejadas. Así, los resultados mostraron que hubo diferencias significativas entre las comparaciones en términos de experiencia, “+10 años”, “5 a 10 años” y “1 a 3 años” en las subescalas “metas y preparación mental” (6.00±1.75 vs 5±1.50 vs 5±1.50; p<0,05; TE: 0,26) y “entrenabilidad” (9.00±3.25 vs 6.00±0.500 vs 8.00±3.00; p<0,05; TE: 0,19). Los atletas más e menos experimentados en la modalidad de bocha mostraron superioridad para enfrentar el período de la pandemia, ya que pudieron obtener mejores índices en las dimensiones “metas y preparación mental y entrenabilidad” de las estrategias de afrontamiento en comparación con sus pares con menos experiencia. A medida adotada de isolamento físico durante pandemia afetou a rotina diária de todo o mundo, inclusive no meio esportivo. Sendo assim, o estudo buscou comparar as estratégias de coping utilizadas por atletas de bocha paralímpica no período da pandemia. A amostra foi composta por 43 atletas (30 homens e 13 mulheres) com 29.95±11,76 anos. Para identificar e mensurar as estratégias de coping, foi recorrido o questionário ACSI-28 (athletic coping skills inventory) em sua versão adaptada para o português incrementado em um formulário eletrônico. Na análise dos dados, a normalidade foi verificada pelo teste de shapiro-wilk. Após isto, todas análises inferenciais de comparação foram mensuradas por via de testes estatísticos não paramétricos com testes post-hoc DSCF pareados. Assim, os resultados apontaram que houve diferenças significativas entre comparações no tempo de experiência, “+10 anos”, “5 a 10 anos” e “1 a 3 anos” sobre as subescalas “metas e preparação mental” (6.00±1.75 vs 5±1.50 vs 5±1.50; p<0,05; TE: 0,26) e “treinabilidade” (9.00±3.25 vs 6.00±0.500 vs 8.00±3.00; p<0,05; TE: 0,19). Atletas mais e menos experientes na modalidade da bocha demonstraram superioridade no enfrentamento ao período da pandemia, pois, conseguiram obter melhores índices nas dimensões “metas e preparação mental” e “treinabilidade”, das estratégias de coping quando comparados aos seus pares com menor tempo de experiência.
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