The introduction of electromobility causes major challenges as new components and materials enter vehicle recycling. This paper discusses the current developments in the recycling of traction batteries, electric motors, and power electronics, which constitute the key components of (hybrid) electric vehicles. Both technical and ecological aspects are addressed. Beside base metals, all components contain metals that are considered critical by the EU (European Union), e.g., rare earth elements, cobalt, antimony, and palladium. As electromobility is a new trend, no recycling routes have been established at an industrial scale for these components. The implementation is complicated by small return flows and a great variety of vehicle concepts as well as components. Furthermore, drastic changes regarding design and material compositions can be expected over the next decades. Due to hazards and high weights, there is a strong research emphasis on battery recycling. Most pilot-scale or semi-industrial processes focus on the recovery of cobalt, nickel, and copper due to their high value. Electric motors and power electronics can be fed into established recycling routes if they are extracted from the vehicle before shredding.
Zusammenfassung: Derzeitsteigtdurch dasweltweite Wachstumund Umweltbewusstseindas Interesseander Rückgewinnungv on knappen Rohstoffen ausa nthropogenen Ablagerungen.W eitere Motive sind nebendem Rohstoffhunger dermodernenW eltdas Flächenrecyclingund dieGefahrenabwehr. DerB ergeteichB ollrichi st eine feuchteA blagerungv on Aufbereitungsrückständen ausd em Bergbaum it hohenW ertstoffanteilen.IndiesemBeitrag wird eineindem Forschungsprojekt REWITA entwickelteA ufbereitungsroutezur RückgewinnungverschiedenerRohstoffe beigleichzeitigerReduktion vonSchadstoffenund desRückstands vorgestellt. DieHauptverfahren sind Flotation, Laugungund ionenselektive Anreicherung.
Stichworte: Bergeteich Bollrich am Rammelsberg·Wiederaufbereitung vonB ergeteichen·Anthropogene Lagerstätten·UrbanMiningReprocessing of am ining wasted eposit in theH arzm ountains-Howc ontaminatedsites mightb ecomer aw material deposits in thefuture Abstract: Duetoglobalgrowthand ar aising environmentala wareness,today,manyscientists, companiesand politicianst akea ni nteresti nt he recovery of scarce rawm aterialsf roma nthropogenic deposits.O therm ain motivesare land recyclingand (environmental)hazarddiminishment. Thet ailing pond Bollrich is am oist deposito fm ineral processing residues with ah ighs hare of valuable material.T hisarticle presents aprocessingroute that wasdeveloped forthe recovery of variousraw materials from thetailing pond with asimultaneousreduction of contaminants andresidue mass.T he main processesare flotation, leaching andselectiveenrichmentwithion exchange resins.
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