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1,3-propanediolcyclic sulfate (PCS) was employed as a novel sulfate-based additive for high-voltage battery applications to reduce the capacity fading that occurs during cycling. Molecular energy calculations and cyclic voltammetry (CV) both proved the PCS was reduced earlier than the ethylene carbonate (EC), which suggests a better solid electrolyte interface (SEI) was formed. The electrochemical impedance spectra results confirmed the denser SEI formed by addition of PCS additive. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis reveal the addition of PCS is able to protectively modify the anodic SEI layer in a manner that suppresses anodic deposition of manganese oxide species resulting from the "cross-talk" effect.

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Claudication, in contrast to angina pectoris, is a strong, independent predictor of all-cause mortality.

A variety of anatomical variation of paranasal sinus and nasal turbinates exist, as its development is a complex and long standing process. Computerized Tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses is a very valuable tool in diagnosing these variations. Preoperatively defining the anatomical variations of the intranasal structures is essential in performing the safe functional endoscopic sinus surgery and to avoid unnecessary complications. Several degrees and combinations of aplasias and hypoplasias have been reported. We report a case of 37-year-old male who presented with bilateral nasal block and rhinorrhea and his CT paranasal sinuses showed gross septal spur in left side, absence of right middle, inferior and superior turbinates, absent right ethmoid air cells, aplastic right frontal sinus, left concha bullosa with bilateral maxillary sinusitis.

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