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Background: Biofilm formation by pathogens is of great clinical importance as it mediates persistence and resistance to antibiotics, hence posing difficulty in treatment and management of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm forming potential of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from urine samples of females with urinary tract infection and to detect the presence of clumping factor (clfA) and intracellular adhesion (icaA) encoding genes.Methodology: A total of 50 S. aureus were obtained from urine samples of women in five hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria. Isolates were confirmed by standard biochemical and novobiocin susceptibility tests. The isolates were screened for biofilm formation using three methods; Congo-red agar (CRA), tube, and tissue culture plate (TCP) methods. Detection of clfA and icaA genes was done by PCR.Results: The Congo red agar method showed that 39 (78%) of the isolates were biofilm producers while 11 (22%) were non-biofilm producers. However, the tube method indicated that 12 (24%) were strong biofilm producers, 26 (52%) were moderate biofilm producers, and 12 (24%) were non-biofilm producers. The standard TCP assay showed that strong biofilm producers (OD > 0.240) were 13 (26%), moderate biofilm producers were 22 (44%), and weak or non-biofilm producers (OD < 0.120) were 15 (30%). The tube method showed a good correlation with the TCP method for strong biofilm production. Ten (20%) isolates possessed clfA gene and 31 (62%)possessed icaA gene.Conclusion: The ability of S. aureus to form biofilm is a key risk factor that can increase morbidity and mortality from infections they cause. Hence, rapid and sensitive phenotypic methods can be used in screening for biofilm formation thereby providing data that can guide therapy and control of the pathogen. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Biofilm, Clumping factor, Intracellular adhesion

ObjectiveStaphylococcus saprophyticus is a Gram-positive bacterium implicated in urinary tract infections in sexually active women along with other bacteria. There is a special need to accurately isolate and identify this organism in clinical specimens in order to prevent misidentification in the laboratory. The present study was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity of one hundred different Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains isolated from women presenting with urinary tract infections reporting in four government hospitals in Lagos Metropolis using 16SrRNA gene sequence analysis. ResultsThe PCR-amplified and sequenced 16SrRNA gene of 100 isolates and confirmed 88 strains of S. saprophyticus to subspecies level, while 8 belong to other genera and 4 could not be ascertained due to low significant similarity. Phylogenetic analysis showed the interrelationship between the isolates from different hospitals. The results showed the distribution of the isolates into two broad clusters and twenty-two sub-clusters. The results revealed the genetic diversity of Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from women with urinary tract infections in Lagos Metropolis using 16SrRNA gene sequence.

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The study was carried out to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of enteric bacteria isolated from food handlers within Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State. Stool samples from thirty-five food handlers were collected. The samples were cultured on agar and MacConkey agar and growth was observed in all samples. The organisms isolated were species (8.6%), (8.6%), (51.4%), (8.6%), (8.6%), sp. (2.9%), and sp. (17.1%). The most prevalent of these organisms is and the least prevalent of these organisms is sp. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that majority of the isolates in this study were sensitive to ofloxacin, augmentin, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and gentamicin, and showed various degree of sensitivity to cefuroxime. While most of the isolates were resistant to cefixime. Based on the result antibiotics such as gentamicin, augmentin, and ofloxacin are most efficient for the diseases that can be caused by these isolated enteric bacteria while previously use antibiotic such as cefixime was poorly effective against majority of the isolates in this study. Health education along with continuous food safety training should be given to food handlers so as to adhere to effective hygienic practices which can help in preventing transmission of these enteric bacteria to the consumers.

Background: Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a Gram-positive bacterium implicated in urinary tract infections in sexually active women along with other bacteria. There is a special need to accurately isolate and identify this organism in clinical specimens in order to prevent misidentification in the laboratory. The present study was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity of one hundred different Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains isolated from women presenting with urinary tract infections reporting in four government hospitals in Lagos Metropolis using 16SrRNA gene sequence analysis. Results: The PCR-amplified and sequenced 16SrRNA gene of 100 isolates and confirmed 88 strains of S. saprophyticus to subspecies level, while 8 belong to other genera and 4 could not be ascertained due to low significant similarity. Phylogenetic analysis showed the interrelationship between the isolates from different hospitals. The results showed the distribution of the isolates into two broad clusters and twenty-two sub-clusters. Conclusion: The results revealed the genetic diversity of Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from women with urinary tract infections in Lagos Metropolis using 16SrRNA gene sequence.