This study assessed the relationship between weather and climatic elements on the incidence of pneumonia in Kaduna South Local Government Area, North Western Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to determine the incidences of pneumonia and assess its relationship with weather elements. This paper also reported on the seasonality of Weather parameters and how they can affect pneumonia occurrence in the study area. The data used were meteorological (Rainfall, Humidity and Temperature) and pneumonia records collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency and Government General Hospital, Kakuri respectively. Multiple regression model and seasonality metrices were employed in the analysis of the data to determine the strength of relationship between the weather parameters and the frequency of pneumonia outbreak. The model run indicated that the combined effect of temperature, rainfall and humidity significantly accounts for variations in Pneumonia occurrence at different level of probability. However the weather elements could only explain 16% of the variations in the incidence of Pneumonia in the study area for the period between 2008 and 2015. The examination of the seasonal occurrence revealed that pneumonia occurred mostly in the cold & wet season and the cold & dry seasons. The study concluded that weather elements play a role in the incidence of pneumonia in the study area and should be considered along with other factors in mitigating its occurrence.
This study investigated the relationship between topographic information and trends in rainfall in Aba urban, South Eastern Nigeria. GIS data were applied to generate topographical information on runoff characteristics, the slope, the contour, the aspect and the digital elevation model. The MannKendall Trend was applied to the rainfall data to show if a monotonic increase, decrease or stability trend exist for the rainfall data of Aba metropolis for the period 2000-2010. Results showed that virtually all parts of Aba were liable to floods expect Ogbor hill axis. The flood vulnerability map indicated that 71.65% of the study area was vulnerable to flood. Rainfall trend showed a decrease in six out of the ten year period. Since within this period, flood intensity had generally remained the same, we concluded that topography, poor drainage infrastructure and non-compliance with building, planning and environmental regulations rather than rainfall trend were the key cause of flood problem in the study area.
Marshlands are important ecosystem for living organisms. The Southern Iraqi Marshland is the central habitat for freshwater fish, provides habitat for important populations of wildlife and serves as a source of income for native economies through reed harvesting. Studies have shown that variability in climate and human-induced factors affects the spatial dynamics of marsh ecosystems. This study assessed wetland changes in the Southern Iraqi Marshlands using Remotely Sensed Data from 1986 to 2019 using Landsat satellite imagery for four epochs: 1986, 2000, 2010 and 2019. To achieve this, thirty (30) pixels were obtained in selected land cover theme and their signatures were merged into one class. Furthermore, the selected pixels were re-coded and merged into ten (10) land cover classes. The multi-layer classes created were shallow water, deep water, dense marsh, medium marsh, sparse marsh, dense vegetation, medium vegetation, sparse vegetation, dry soil and wet soil. The areal extents of the land cover types were calculated for 1986, 2000, 2010 and 2019. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) differencing was also carried in order to highlight trends in vegetation from 1986 to 2019. The study correlated historical trends of human activities as a central factor in the degradation of marshland (by 16.25%) from 1986 to 2000. However, by the year 2000 to 2010, there was an 11.36% increase in the total marshland area, which remained almost unchanged between 2010 and 2019. In 1986, NDVI was relatively stable at 0.73 in the Al-Hammar and Al-Hwaizeh Marsh. However, by 2000, the areas of dense vegetation cover reduced drastically by over 90%. In 2010, the NDVI index indicated trends of increasing water body and an outward cluster of healthier vegetation continuing to 2019.
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