Correctly interpreting soil fertility and its spatial distribution within an area helps to lessen losses and environmental effects associated with agriculture, to optimize fertilization and liming practices. This study is aimed at using concepts and methods from spatial and temporal analyses to soil fertility and to develop a fuzzy classification methodology in an effort to define input application zones in three conilon coffee harvests. An irregular network with georeferenced points was built in the central region of the farm. Soil samples were collected at 0.00-0.20 m depth within the projections of tree canopies. Geostatistical analysis was used to set up maps in which the variables were shown. In such maps, input and output fuzzy sets were created and applied, as well as rules of inference and determination of to-be-applied logical operators. Fuzzy classification of the area was performed in the three harvests so as to define whether or not inputs were needed. Our main findings show that the N-P-K requirement was spatially dependent in all harvests. By classifying the area using fuzzy logic, it was possible to analyze soil fertility and to indicate the regions having the smallest and greatest needs for N-P-K and liming.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pre-germination treatments and temperature on the germination of crambe seed (Crambe abyssinica Hochst). The completely randomized design was used in a 3 x 3 x 2 factorial (physical treatments x chemical treatments x temperature). The chemical treatments consisted of paper soaked in gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) and water. The physical treatments consisted of maintaining the seed intact, mechanical scarification and seed coat removal. Temperatures of 25 and 30 ºC were used in the completely randomized design. The variables studied were germination speed index, germination percentage, seed length and seedling dry mass. In the studied conditions, the percentage and rate of germination, length and seedling dry weight of seeds of C. abyssinica Hochst were enhanced by removal of the integument, in soaking with GA 3 at 25 ºC.Key words: gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, seed tegument removal, scarification and temperatures. ResumoObjetivou-se com o presente trabalho, avaliar a influência de tratamentos pré-germinativos e de temperaturas na germinação de sementes de crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst), em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 2 (tratamentos químicos x tratamentos físicos x temperatura). Sendo os tratamentos químicos: ácido giberélico (GA 3 ), nitrato de potássio (KNO 3 ) e água. E os tratamentos físicos: semente intacta, escarificação mecânica e a retirada do tegumento. Foram utilizadas as temperaturas de 25 e 30 ºC em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Estudou-se as seguintes variáveis: índice de velocidade e porcentagem de germinação, comprimento e massa seca das plântulas. Nas condições de estudo, a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de germinação, o comprimento e a massa seca de plântulas das sementes de C. abyssinica Hochst foram incrementados com a remoção do tegumento, sob o umedecimento com GA 3 na temperatura de 25 ºC. Palavras-chave: ácido giberélico, nitrato de potássio, remoção do tegumento, escarificação.
A agricultura de precisão utiliza técnicas que permite mapear a variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo, com uma análise detalhada dos atributos químicos do solo. Por esse motivo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a eficiência do método interpolação da cokrigagem na estimativa do cálcio de acordo com o pH do solo, em um área cultivada com café conilon. Os resultados mostraram uma correlação significativa de 0,83 do pH com o cálcio no solo. A cokrigagem permitiu estimar a variabilidade espacial do cálcio com precisão, apresentando mapas similares quanto à forma de distribuição espacial do atributo.Palavras chaves: Geoestatística. Agricultura de precisão. Interpolação.
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