Resumo Neste artigo, propomos um debate atual sobre o pensamento decolonial e a ‘tradução intercultural’ dos direitos humanos, dentro de um marco de reconhecimento dos direitos, do pluralismo jurídico e do neocolonialismo global. O objetivo é descrever os limites do diálogo intercultural em um contexto de judicialização de guerra interétnica tradicional entre povos indígenas de recente contato e em situações de isolamento voluntário na Amazônia equatoriana, território atravessado e exacerbado por atividades econômicas de mercado, promovidas por agentes e atores públicos e privados, nacionais e transnacionais. O artigo identifica padrões de poder que revelam a tensão entre o universalismo abstrato dos direitos humanos e as instituições da organização social tradicional dos povos indígenas Waorani e dos Tagaeri-Taromenane. A descrição das tensões e dos limites nos permite relativizar os diferentes significados do diálogo intercultural através do perspectivismo ameríndio e do pensamento decolonial.
In the Xingu river basin, Brazil, occurs two genera of Potamotrygonidae family: Potamotrygon and Paratrygon. In this region, the taxa have signifi cant economic importance for the ornamental fi shing industry, being intensively captured, especially the species Potamotrygon leopoldi, which is endemic to this basin. In the attempt to propose a species-specifi c DNA marker for the species from Xingu, as well as ensuring a robust and reliable molecular identifi cation, the present work analysed mitochondrial gene portions Cytochrome Oxidase C -subunit I (COI) and Cytochrome B (Cytb) of fi ve species: P. leopoldi; Potamotrygon orbignyi; Potamotrygon motoro; Potamotrygon scobina and Paratrygon aiereba. We found haplotype sharing, with a total absence of reciprocal monophyly in the majority of taxa. Individuals morphologically identifi ed as a species showed mitochondrial DNA from another, suggesting the fi rst record of hybridization amongst freshwater stingrays of Xingu. Also, we detected a deep divergence among Paratrygon aiereba haplotypes, indicative of speciation, suggesting the possibility of anew species for the Xingu river. Therefore, although the is still confusing and controversial taxonomy of freshwater stingrays, and evidencing hybridization processes that may have shaped the evolutionary history of this Family, the genes COI and Cytb can successfully help in the their species identifi cation.
I propose in this article to journey from the cosmological elements present in indigenous interethnic political discourse to indigenous association practices. The paper will seek to understand the bases of the indigenous association praxis, and to give an overview of the historical trajectory of indigenous political ‘protagonism’ in Brazil. To discuss the development of a political discourse of so many different peoples as comprise indigenes of Brazil may seem like a reckless generalisation. However, there is one thing they share in common: the history of contact with western civilization. This history is not singular, but plural. So many facts, widespread all over the continent, form a shared experience, and from this emerge a discourse which I seek to understand.
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