Objective: To verify the psychometric qualities and adequacy of the instruments available in the literature from 2009 to 2019 to assess empathy in the general population.Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scielo, and LILACS using the keywords “empathy” AND “valid∗” OR “reliability” OR “psychometr∗.” A qualitative synthesis was performed with the findings, and meta-analytic measures were used for reliability and convergent validity.Results: Fifty studies were assessed, which comprised 23 assessment instruments. Of these, 13 proposed new instruments, 18 investigated the psychometric properties of instruments previously developed, and 19 reported cross-cultural adaptations. The Empathy Quotient, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy were the instruments most frequently addressed. They presented good meta-analytic indicators of internal consistency [reliability, generalization meta-analyses (Cronbach’s alpha): 0.61 to 0.86], but weak evidence of validity [weak structural validity; low to moderate convergent validity (0.27 to 0.45)]. Few studies analyzed standardization, prediction, or responsiveness for the new and old instruments. The new instruments proposed few innovations, and their psychometric properties did not improve. In general, cross-cultural studies reported adequate adaptation processes and equivalent psychometric indicators, though there was a lack of studies addressing cultural invariance.Conclusion: Despite the diversity of instruments assessing empathy and the many associated psychometric studies, there remain limitations, especially in terms of validity. Thus far, we cannot yet nominate a gold-standard instrument.

Ao meu tio Marçal (in memorian), por todo amor, carinho e por tudo que fez por mim. Saudades tio. AGRADECIMENTOSÀ minha esposa, Ariana, por abraçar meus sonhos e se manter ao meu lado, sendo compreensiva e amorosa nos momentos mais difíceis dessa jornada, me dando todo amor e apoio possível.À minha filha, Maria Flor, pela doses incontáveis de amor e sorrisos e que me incentiva a ser a melhor versão de mim a cada dia.À minha mãe, Rita, pelo amor, por todas as conversas, pelo ombro e pelo incentivo a me dedicar e dar o melhor de mim em tudo o que eu faço.À minha tia, Marlene, pelo amor de mãe, pelo abrigo e por tantas outras coisas que não cabem aqui.Aos meus sogros, Júlio César e Maria Cristina, pelo suporte imensurável, pela presença e pelo carinho diário. À tia Néia pelo apoio e carinho, e especialmente por me ajudar a extrapolar as fronteiras da nossa língua nativa. À minha orientadora, Profa. Dra. Flávia de Lima Osório, pela imensa paciência e disponibilidade, por todos os ensinamentos, pelo zelo com o nosso trabalho e pelo modo admirável com o qual me orientou durante todo o percurso. À professora Dra. Sonia Regina Loureiro e ao professor Dr. Cristiano Esteves, pelas preciosas contribuições no exame de Qualificação. Aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Mental e da Universidade, por todos os conhecimentos compartilhados no decorrer das disciplinas. À minhas queridas colegas Lívia Manara, Júlia Bonagamba, Mayara Souza e Thaís Ribas, por se voluntariarem gentilmente e contribuírem de modo essencial com a coleta de dados dessa pesquisa. À todos os participantes, que disponibilizaram o que temos de mais precioso, o tempo, e tornaram a realização da pesquisa possível. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior -Brasil (CAPES), pela apoio financeiro para a realização dessa pesquisa. Autoria: Felipe Fernandes de Lima Título: Tradução, adaptação transcultural e estudo psicométrico do Teste Multifacetado de Empatia (MET) O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior -Brasil (CAPES) -Código de Financiamento 001 "This study was financed in part by thr Coordenação de

Background The lack of empathy is associated with several psychological and behavioral disorders, and it is important to assess this construct broadly, through multi-methods. Objective To conduct a psychometric analysis of the Brazilian version of the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), a computerized task that assesses emotional and cognitive empathy. Methods The samples were recruited from the community using the snowball method (phase 1: face-to-face; N = 142) and through social media (phase 2: online; N = 519). The participants completed the MET and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to assess the convergent validity between the instruments. To assess validity with correlated constructs (resilient coping and stress), the Brief Resilient Coping Scale and Perceived Stress Scale were used. A task was also implemented in the face-to-face application to assess facial emotions. The retest was applied 25 days later to a portion of the sample (face-to-face: N = 31; online: N = 102). Results It was observed adequate test-retest reliability for most items (ICC = 0.49–0.98), satisfactory infit and outfit indexes, discriminatory ability between sexes, weak convergent validity with empathy measures (r = 0.17–0.36), and correlate constructs (r = 0.12–0.46). MET presented good psychometric indicators, confirming its use in face-to-face/computer-based and online formats in clinical and research contexts. However, weaknesses were found regarding the cognitive subscale, demanding future studies to address larger samples to enable more robust conclusions concerning its adequacy. Further research on the instrument’s internal structure can also contribute to its improvement.