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Biodiesel is a renewable fuel mainly produced by transesterification of oils and fats that can be used as a transportation fuel, solvent and for energy generation with the potential to reduce the emissions of CO 2 , SO 2 , CO and HC, compared to fossil fuels. In this work, the kinetic behavior of triglycerides by different transesterification technologies is investigated through a critical review of the kinetic models reported in the study with the aim to establish a trend of the reaction mechanisms and the main variable effects and to further optimize the chemical process. The study of the transesterification reaction kinetics is performed for every type of transesterification, that is, homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzymatic and supercritical. The kinetic models are thus reviewed by describing the way they have evolved and how they can be used for process simulation and optimization. This chapter is divided in a study of the state of the art, an analysis and synthesis of research results, and an application for further optimization of the biodiesel production process.