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Introduction: High-intensity resistance exercises (RE) cause an inflammatory response that reduces functionality. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Cold Water Immersion (CWI) on leukocytosis, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory markers and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) resulting from a RE session in untrained volunteers. Methods: Thirteen volunteers (aged 26 ± 5 years) who do not engage in RE were randomized and underwent Control RE and RE with CWI sessions. Exercise sessions (leg extension machine, squats and leg presses) consisted of four sets of 10 maximum repetitions (one-week interval between the assessment and the sessions). CWI consisted of immersion in water (15°C) to the umbilicus for 10 minutes immediately after the exercise session. Complete blood count, CRP, creatine kinase (CK) and lipoperoxidation (LPO) were assessed previously (baseline) and immediately, 30 minutes and 2 hours after RE. DOMS was assessed 24 hours after the sessions. Results: RE induced progressive leukocytosis (P<0.001). CRP was elevated 2 hours after exercise (P=0.008) only in the Control RE session. CK increased 30 minutes and 2 hours after exercise (P<0.001) in the Control session, whereas in the CWI session the increase was observed after 2 hours (P<0.001). LPO increased only in the Control session after 2 hours (P=0.025). CWI reduced DOMS by 57% (P<0.001). Conclusion: CWI slows the inflammatory response and reduces DOMS in untrained individuals undergoing RE. Level of Evidence I; Randomized Clinical Trial.

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SummaryBackground: Coronary artery bypass grafting techniques without using cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump CABG) result in less systemic damage, less clinical complications, less time spent in the intensive care unit, and shorter hospital stays, thereby raising the perspective of improved quality of life (QOL) for patients.

Three-vessel disease was associated with worse prognosis compared to single- or two-vessel disease in patients with stable coronary disease and preserved ventricular function at 5-year follow-up. In addition, event-free survival rates were higher after bypass surgery, independent of the number of vessels diseased in these subsets of patients.

ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between the blood cells, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress parameters and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after a session of resistance exercise (SRE). The sample consisted of sixteen untrained men (26.4±5 years; 25.9±3 kg m -2 ). The SRE was composed of 4 sets of 10 repetitions maximum (extensor bench, squat and leg press) for each exercise. Complete blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals were previously evaluated (baseline), and at 0, 30 and 120 min. after the SRE. DOMS was assessed 24 hours after the exercises. Immediately after the SRE, an increase of blood cell number was observed; returning to baseline after 30 min. However, after 120 min., neutrophils showed higher values than the baseline and 30 min. assessments. CK and CRP increased progressively throughout the experiment. LPO increased immediately and 120 min. after the SRE. Untrained volunteers presented an apparent biphasic inflammatory response after an acute SRE and the changes in oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and leukocytosis were best evidenced two hours after exercise.Keywords: exercise tolerance, pain, inflammation, oxidative stress.Resposta inflamatória após sessão de exercícios resistidos em voluntários destreinados RESUMO. O presente estudo investigou a interação entre as células sanguíneas, marcadores inflamatórios, parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e dor muscular de início tardio (DMIT) após uma sessão de exercícios de resistência (SER). A amostra compreendeu dezesseis voluntários destreinados (26.4±5 anos; 25.9±3 kg m -2 ). A SER consistiu em 4 séries de 10 repetições máximas (extensão do joelho, agachamento e leg press) para cada exercício. Hemograma completo, proteína C-reativa (PCR), creatina kinase (CK), lipoperoxidação e capacidade antioxidante contra o radical peroxil foram avaliados previamente (basal), 0, 30 e 120 min. após a SER. A DMIT foi avaliada 24h após os exercícios. Imediatamente após a SER ocorreu um aumento no número de células sanguíneas, retornando aos valores basais após 30 min. Entretanto, após 120 min. os neutrófilos apresentaram valores mais elevados que as avaliações basais e 30 min. A CK e a PCR aumentaram progressivamente ao longo do experimento. A liperoxidação aumentou imediatamente e 120 min. após a SER. Voluntários destreinados apresentam uma aparente resposta inflamatória bifásica após SER e as alterações dos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo, marcadores inflamatórios e leucocitose são melhor evidenciadas duas horas após os exercícios.Palavras-chave: tolerância aos exercícios, dor, inflamação, estresse oxidativo.

Our results confirm that coronary artery disease accompanied by chronic kidney dysfunction has a worse prognosis, regardless of the therapeutic strategy for coronary artery disease, when renal function is at least mildly impaired. Additionally, our data suggest that the different treatment strategies available for stable coronary artery disease may have differential beneficial effects according to the range of glomerular filtration rate strata.