Abstract:Crustacean remains from the Tarioba shell mound (Sambaqui da Tarioba) archaeological site were investigated in order to produce a reference inventory of this taxonomic group. Information on past crustacean diversity is important for establishing baselines on biodiversity, as well as recovering paleoenvironmental information and comprehension of evolutionary change patterns for the Brazilian coast. The archaeological site was excavated by delayering the soil by artificial 10 cm sections which revealed five archaeological stratigraphic layers. A sample of mollusk shells for each of these layers was used for dating based on the C 14 method. The results show an occupation period of 550 yr for the Tarioba shell mound, with dates ranging between 4,070 cal BP (beginning of occupation) and 3,520 cal BP (occupation ending) and record nine species of crustaceans from the shell mound. However, a reduction of biodiversity over time was found that was not statically significant. Therefore, it seems that patterns of composition, richness and distribution of crustaceans have been stable in the last 4,070 years BP.
As coleções biológicas são a fonte básica de informações sobre as espécies, servindo a diferentes áreas de estudo sobre a biodiversidade. Coleções biológicas sobre subfósseis são, ainda, raras no Brasil, embora sejam fundamentais para implementação de medidas de conservação e manejo, uma vez que podem servir como base referencial para estudos históricos sobre a evolução da biodiversidade. Neste sentido, a construção de coleções de referência da fauna presente em sambaquis, somada aos seus inventários, pode ser uma importante ferramenta, tanto para futuros estudos zooarqueológicos quanto para pesquisas biológicas e ecológicas. No presente trabalho a coleção científica de subfósseis de sambaquis do Brasil pertencente ao Laboratório de Genética Marinha e Evolução da Universidade Federal Fluminense (LGME-UFF, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) é apresentada. Esta coleção mantém subfósseis de 34 espécies de moluscos, sendo 23 espécies de bivalves e 11 de gastrópodes, e 9 espécies de crustáceos braquiúros, sendo grande parte do material oriundo do sítio arqueológico Sambaqui da Tarioba (Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil).
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