Introduction. Modern technology of grain processing pays special attention to the qualitative and efficient preparation of grain for milling. At small enterprises with a reduced technological process, this is almost the only way to improve product yield and quality. Without proper multi-stage preparation of grain for milling at small enterprises, it is impossible to achieve the required quality and quantity of products produced by industrial mills. Grain peeling is one of the most effective ways to clean the surface from dirt and remove outer shells. The removal of outer shells allows increasing the yield of high-grade flour at reduced milling diagrams. The efficiency of the peeling process is significantly infuencet by the design and operating parameters of the peeling machine. The purpose of this work is the experimental determination of optimal conditions for grain processing in the peeling and drying machine (the optimal combination of factors). Materials and Methods. To determine optimal conditions for grain processing in the peeling and drying machine, the method of extreme planning of the experiment was applied. The method of random balance was used to select the most significant factors based on their influence on the optimization parameter. The method of steep ascent on the response surface (the Box – Wilson method) was used to find the optimum area (the planning matrix was realized and statistical analysis of results and steep ascent on the response surface was carried out). Verification of the results was carried out on the software Statistica 10.0. Results. On the basis of experiments, a mathematical model of the technological process of wheat processing in the peeling and drying machine there were obtained, which linked the structural and mode parameters of the machine with the humidity of the treated grain. The results of the experiment confirmed the operability of the developed machine when working with high-humidity grain; they are fundamental for the machine’s further modernization. Discussion and Conclusion The analysis of the controlled factor dispersion diagram allowed us to select the most significant of them based on influence on the selected optimization parameter, the white flour color obtained from the treated grain. As a result of the evaluation of experimental data of the conducted studies, the design and mode parameters of the developed machine were determined, corresponding to the areas of the optimal optimization parameter: shaft rotation speed is 1400 rpm, angle of inclination of stamping on the sieve drum is 15 degrees, the initial moisture content of the processed grain is 15.50%, and the machine productivity does not exceed 700 kg/h.
The main biochemical component of soy is protein, but it contains quite active anti-nutritional substances, such as proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, urease, lectins and others that reduce its nutritional value. This is the main deterrent to the use of soy in raw form for feeding farm animals and widespread use in the food industry. The article deals with the issues of inactivation of anti-nutrient substances using low-frequency ultrasound in water with hydrogen peroxide.
The article considers the method of grain processing in the medium of an anolyte, produced at the STEL type plant, with subsequent washing and drying to a humidity of not more than 14%. Decontamination of grain was carried out by ultrasound of low frequencies 24-26 kHz with ultrasound intensity no more than 1 W/cm2. The method provides a reduction in the content of mold fungi in the grain, prevents the development of mycotoxins in it, reduces contamination with mineral impurities and insect pest.
The theoretical study made it possible to define the main correlation dependences affecting the efficiency of grain preparation for milling. Experimental studies allowed improving the technology of grain softening and washing. Design and operating parameters of ultrasonic facility and technology ensuring high degree of grain cleaning and moistening were studied and structured, namely: ultrasound frequency – 18 kHz; process temperature – 30-40 °C; processing time – 30-40 s; intensity of ultrasonic waves – 1 W/cm2.
Technological efficiency of the peeling process, from the point of view of the number of detachable shells and unit costs for the process, is analyzed in the article. To assess the technological efficiency of wheat grain peeling, a generalized criterion of efficiency is proposed, which includes local criteria.Their dependence on the intensity of the grain processing in the machine is experimentally clarified. The experiments showed that the technological feasibility of the peeling process is ensured with the percentage of damper opening at the machine exit of δ3 = 60-70%, while the value of Cp.w. is 3.2-2.8%, ΔAc = 0.32-0.2%, and ΔB does not exceed 0.85%.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.