In this paper, a comprehensive survey on thermal and geometric design parameters of composite materials utilized in the fabrication of modern RFID systems has been discussed mainly due to its advantages such as lightweight and high strength. Designing of RF antenna setup requires careful consideration of material, geometric and fabrication parameters. Polymer materials were chosen as the substrate and subjected to extensive studies to determine and predict the capability of the miniaturized RFID antenna. The effect of the polymer matrix composite (PMC) material on the antenna parameters such as gain, bandwidth, and return loss is analyzed and realized that improvement in bandwidth and perfection in impedance matching can be further accomplished by employing fractal structure. It is also discovered that the thermal properties affect the impedance and operating frequencies, thus enabling multilayer PMC deploying fractal structured RFID antennas to be used for many applications such as logistics, aerospace, biomedical, and mining.
The proposed RFID reader antenna progressed with perfect electric conductor (PEC) as the radiating element and FR 4 as the substrate to achieve circular polarization, enhancement in bandwidth, and read range. The design presents a CPW feed RFID antenna for near-field reading applications, between the range of 903 MHz to 929 MHz. The operating frequency of the proposed design is 900 MHz, axial ratio of the model is less than 3 dB, impedance bandwidth is 256 MHz, and axial bandwidth is 36 MHz, proving to be adequate for near-field RFID reader applications such as item-level tagging and smart shelf. The proposed antenna model is realized with fractal structure to achieve miniaturization. The developed antenna is optimized using EM software for numerical analysis. The designed antenna is fabricated, and the prototype is characterized in terms of dielectric constant and loss tangent. The obtained results indicate high correlation with simulation results.
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