Gelatin is a good biocompatible material. Polyaniline is a polymer compound that can conduct electricity when doped with phytic acid (Ph). However, there are few reports on PANI and gelatin hydrogels. In this paper, a new synthesis method of polyaniline (PANI) was developed, which greatly improved the gas sensitivity while maintaining the excellent quality of PANI. PANI and gelatin were composited into a unified 3D network. ANI synthesized phytic acid-doped PANI and then mixed gelatin with it to make wearable 3D printed sensors. Multilayer structures prepared by 3D printing with PANI ink are free of build-up. A PANI hydrogel sensor was fabricated using a 3D printing method with a stress sensing range of 0-899.8 MPa, a strain sensing range of 0-764.4 % sensitivity GF = 1.4, and a TCR = À 1.3 for temperature 8.4-29 °C. The sensor can accurately detect the motion of large strains in human knee joints and small strains in finger bending. In this study, a simple "green" method was used to convert inexpensive gelatin into a high-performance multifunctional wearable sensor, which can be recycled and provided application prospects for sustainable and environmentally friendly biocompatible materials in the future.
Chitosan(CS) hydrogels prepare under novel alkaline conditions have attracted attention because they have more excellent mechanical properties than traditional acidic preparation conditions.We observe that the prepared CS sol still exhibits excellent printability even in the lower mass fraction range.It can be empolyed for fast printing and stable shape retention at room temperature.In order to meet the 3D printing of hydrogels with high mechanical properties, a solid cross-linked network is constructed based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CS .The hybrid hydrogel ink retains the excellent printability of CS hydrogel while also enhancing its mechanical properties (strain > 400 %).Then graphene oxide (GO) is introduced into the system to give full play to the multi-functional characteristics of the composite hydrogels.This kind of hydrogel is used to print flexible sensors and shows very distinctive application value.Furthermore, it can be served as a flexible electrode material for the design of complex circuit systems, contributing to the development of flexible sensors.In short, this work will open a new research path for the application of fast 3D printing hydrogels with ultrastrenth properity.
3D printing of hydrogels with improved mechanical properties will play an important role in many fields in the future. Polyacrylamide with controllable reaction conditions and chitosan with increased mechanical strength are chosen to prepare hybrid hydrogels with high mechanical properties (elongation >2000%). The addition of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose enables this hydrogel system to have excellent rheological properties for 3D printing. The samples prepared by 3D printing technology have larger elongation (>1000%) and higher elastic modulus (141.99 kPa). Carbon nanotube-added composite hydrogels can be used to fabricate flexible electronic devices with diverse functions and structures. The prepared sensor can detect the signals of human movement (joint movement, breathing, drinking water), and has a sensitive signal response in the range of 12-67 °C. In addition, this sensor can also be extended to the application of NH 3 gas signal sensing. Due to the stable performance and long service life of conductive multifunctional hydrogels, the application potential of hydrogel sensors will be further increased. In conclusion, this simple-prepared 3D-printable high-mechanical-performance hydrogel with multiple network crosslinks has a favorable competitive advantage in future flexible material applications.
Stretchable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/carboxylated chitosan(CCS)-based double network (DN) hydrogels have great potential for applications in soft materials. In this experiment, a leather-like gel with excellent mechanical properties, frost resistance, electrical conductivity, and recyclability was prepared by a one-pot method. The dermal-mimicking network was driven by hydrogen bonding between polyvinyl alcohol, alginate, and glycerol, which enables the gel to exhibit excellent mechanical properties. In addition, the hydrogel can be fabricated into complex structures by 3D printing, cooling molding, and freeze-thaw cycles. 3D printed flexible sensors are suitable for making biosensors to monitor human movements such as fingers, arms, wrists and pulse signals, and can also detect NH3 (50-800 ppm) gas. The overall signal response remained stable after more than 300 cyclic stretching cycles at 100% strain. This strategy can be extended to construct other multifunctional sensors with high mechanical properties, which have great application potential in the field of flexible electronics.
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