This descriptive study aims at: (1) finding out and describe the phonological,lexical, and syntactic forms of English language learners’ inter language, and (2)finding out whether there are any differences in the inter language of the learners ofdifferent grades. The subjects of this research were 24 learners of the first, second,and third grade of an Islamic boarding school in Tasikmalaya. The data werecollected from students’ conversations, interviews, and reading aloud. The datawere recorded and transcribed. Then, the data were filtered by using Corder’sprocedure. The results of the research reveal the existence of the following aspectsin the learners’ inter language: (1) phonological transfers, (2) lexical transfers, (3)syntactic transfers, (4) phonological overgeneralizations, (5) lexicalovergeneralizations, and (6) syntactic overgeneralizations. This research also foundout some differences in the inter language of the students of different grades.
This study aims at investigating gender differences in written texts using Halliday’s framework about the functions of language. Halliday claimed that females’ writing style is, what he described as, ‘involved’ while males’ writing style is more ‘informative’. The results of the study do not confirm Halliday’s assumptions about gender differences in writing. No significant differences were found between males and females in the frequencies of the use of nouns, prepositions, numerals and modifiers. The only significant difference that was found is the use of pronouns, which is not enough to account for the assumptions. This paper also aims to investigate the differences between Arabic and English in the average sentence length, lexical density, and readability. To measure readability, the Gunning-Fog index formula was used. The results show that there was no significant difference between Arabic and English in the average sentence length, but there were significant differences in lexical density and readability.
Reading as one of the skills constructing English competency has a special portion in the curriculum of English studies programs at higher education institutions. The prevalent purpose of reading classes is to enable students to grasp knowledge from any type of text written in English. This skill could be achieved through learning a series of techniques and strategies in reading, and most importantly extensive reading activities. However, the fact that the class weights as much as 2 credits (SKS) does not give sufficient training time to achieve the maximum target. Hence, an out-of-class activity should be imposed, such as reading portfolio. This paper seeks to address the criteria of a good reading portfolio, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of this supplementary reading activity given to the students of the English Education program of IAIN Purwokerto. The data are collected through documenting the findings of previous researches on the criteria of a good reading portfolio, interviewing student-sample, and observing the process of reading portfolio given to the students of IAIN Purwokerto. The results showed that a reading portfolio should contain the purpose of the course, the text liked and picked by the students, clear scoring criteria, and continuous evaluation. The strengths of reading portfolio are evoking students’ interest for reading, instilling reading habit, and promoting learning autonomy and self-evaluation, the weaknesses are lack of resources, complex vocabulary and structure, and less motivation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.