Hydrate-based solidified natural gas (SNG) technology provides a promising approach to store and transport natural gas, but demanding formation conditions and low methane storage capacity limit its application. Here, we presented a novel spiral-agitated reactor, and hydrate formation in pure water and amino acid systems was evaluated. It is worth to highlight that spiral agitation significantly enhances initial hydrate grow kinetics, and satisfied methane uptake of 134.9 V/V was obtained under a mild condition (4.3 MPa, 275.15 K, and 30 rpm). Impressively, when amino acids were introduced, late hydrate growth was greatly improved because of secondary uptake, and a large methane uptake (145.97 V/V) was obtained under a milder condition (3.8 MPa, 275.15 K, and 60 rpm), which increases by 82.97% comparing to that in pure water systems. These findings provide a new insight (synergistic effect of spiral agitation and amino acids) on enhanced hydrate production under extremely mild conditions.
The natural gas hydrate (NGH) technology
has aroused more attention
due to its great promise in natural gas (mainly containing methane)
storage and transportation. Micronized swollen hydrogel poly(styrenesulfonate-co-acrylamide) (PSS-co-AAm), which included
ample −SO3
– groups, could remarkably
promote methane hydrate formation kinetics. To further improve the
promotion efficiency of this hydrogel-based promoter, we optimized
the monomer ratio, that is, the molar ratio of styrenesulfonate to
acrylamide (MRSA), during hydrogel preparation and investigated the
effects of −SO3
– density on the
promotion efficiency of the hydrogel. Results indicated that the hydrogel
at an appropriate MRSA performed better at promoting methane hydrate
formation kinetics. Hydrate formation processes within hydrogels at
MRSAs of 1:2 and 1:3 reached the highest hydrate formation rates of
0.0741 ± 0.0132 mmol mL–1 min–1 and the highest storage capacities of 126.5 ± 9.35 v/v, respectively.
At MRSAs of 1:1 and 1:2, hydrate formation processes occurred with
short induction durations of 24.33 ± 25.73 min and 34.33 ±
59.47 min, respectively. This revealed that high −SO3
– density could be in favor of accelerating methane
hydrate formation. Additionally, −SO3
– density could also influence absorption capacity and water distribution
of the hydrogel, which further affected promotion efficiency in methane
hydrate formation kinetics. This work might be beneficial to large-scale
applications of the PSS-co-AAm hydrogel promoter
and be significant for the industrialization of the NGH technology.
Fe2O3-MgO/Al2O3 catalyst precursors were prepared by co-precipitation method for the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNT), and the materials were characterized by various means. The effects of reduction temperature on the...
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