Objectives: To estimate the impact of epidural analgesia (EA) during delivery on maternal and infant outcomes. Design: This study was a prospective cohort study. Participants: In total, 159 pregnant women in Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen university from Nov. 2019 to May 2020. Patients were randomly divided into EA group (n=80) and no analgesia group (n=79). Methods: The duration of labor, levels of umbilical arterial blood gas [pH and partial pressure oxygen (PaO2)], VAS, adverse events were evaluated to compare differences between EA group and no analgesia group, respectively. Results: The duration of the first stage of labor was shorted in the total stage (P=0.002) and the first stage of labor (P=0.001) in EA group compared with no analgesia group. The second stage of labor and third stage of labor, levels of umbilical arterial blood gas and 1min Apgar score in neonates were similar in EA and no analgesia groups (All P>0.05). After adjusting age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and past and present medical history, the VAS was low in EA group compared with no analgesia group when the uterine orifice was completely open [odds ratio (OR)=0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.001-0.002], 8h post-delivery (OR=0.508, 95%CI:0.264-0.977) and 24h post-delivery (OR=0.321, 95%CI:0.167-0.617). EA increased the proportion of adverse events occurring 5 min post-delivery (χ2=10.137, P=0.001), while decreased the proportion of adverse events occurring 24h post-delivery (χ2=4.750, P=0.029). Limitations: In terms of the effects of EA on neonates, we only measured the 1 min Apgar score of neonates. Conclusions: EA might be a promising pain relief method for pregnant women. The results of our study might give a reference for the use of EA during delivery in clinic.
The reasons of the soil mechanical behavior shown are the property of their internal microstructure changes in the external reflection, so with soil micro-mesostructures to analyze soil macroscopical mechanical properties is a good research method. The current concepts of common soil test methods are mainly CT technology, SEM technology, mercury intrusion technology and high-resolution camera technology. On the basis of elaborate all kinds of the test of fine view about the principles of test methods ,the principle of the steps and its characteristics ,and by comparison and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the test methods are given and the scope of various test methods to promote the study of the soil micro-mesostructures.
The paper proposes three kinds of improved main-beam structural style of electric single-girder crane and established FEA model for each style. The stress values of stress concentration points of improved structures have been compared to traditional structure. The fatigue strength of points where easily occur fatigue failure have been analyzed using local structure stress method and Master S-N curve. According to fatigue analysis, the minimum number of effective cycles is N=3.73×105, which can meet the design specifications well. This study will provide some ideas for main-beam design and improvements.
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