Background:The Jingxin Zhidong formula (JXZDF), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat tic disorder (TD) in China. However, its efficacy has not yet been evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of JXZDF and aripiprazole in patients with TD. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel controlled trial, 120 patients with TD, aged 6-16 years were randomly assigned to receive either JXZDF (n = 60, 17.6 g/day) or aripiprazole (n = 60, 10 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was measured using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Adverse events were assessed using the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale. Results: JXZDF produced greater improvements than aripiprazole in the following YGTSS subscale scores at the endpoint: total tic scores (P = 0.004, 95% CI: 1.085-3.494) and total motor scores (P = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.313-1.739). The difference in rate between the groups was no significant (χ 2 = 0.702, degrees of freedom = 1, P = 0.402). The overall incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in the JXZDF group than in the aripiprazole group (0% vs 6.67%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: JXZDF had a better safety profile than aripiprazole, and it was not inferior in terms of clinical efficacy. JXZDF warrants consideration as a potential treatment option for TD. Trial Registration: CHiCTR, ChiCTR2000039601 (Registered November 2, 2020).
The association between gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders has received increasing research attention. Meanwhile, big data analysis has been utilized in many filed including business, human healthcare analysis, etc. The primary objective of this article was to provide insights into Big Data Analytics (BDA) to clarify the association between gut microbiota and TD (Tic disorder). Specifically, we investigated the recent studies related to gut microbiota composition differences in patients with TD compared to health people. We searched on PubMed and Embase (Ovid) databases for relevant published articles until June 15, 2021. A total of 78 TD and 62 health control stool samples were examined. Case-control design was applied in all the studies. No consensus was evident in α-diversity and β-diversity. The abundance of phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was predominant at the taxa level. Gut microbiota taxonomic differences were found between TD cases and controls, though inconsistently across studies. Further studies are needed to reveal the underlying pathophysiology of TD and correlation between TD and gut microbiota composition.
Background Semen Ziziphi spinosae , known as Suanzaoren (SZR) in Chinese, is a Chinese herbal medicine widely used in sedatives and tranquilizers. Although SZR is important for the clinical treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS), its mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the pharmacological mechanisms of SZR in TS treatment using network pharmacology and systems biology approaches. Methods The bioactive components and potential targets of SZR were screened using the TCMSP database. UniProt was used to identify targets by mapping the known genes related to SZR. The known genes related to TS were identified by GeneCards and OMIM databases. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using information from STRING 11.0 database. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software and Bioinformatics online platform were used for plotting this network. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using Metascape. Finally, AutoDock was used to verify the molecular docking. Results We found that SZR had 10 active compounds. There were 30 overlapping target genes between TS and SZR. These genes were associated with several signaling and metabolic pathways. AChE, SLC6A4 , and HTR3A were the top three hub genes. The active components in SZR had a high binding affinity for the key targets. Conclusion SZR therapy for TS could achieve network regulation through the action of various active components of Chinese medicine on different targets and generate a complex regulatory relationship via interaction with potential targets, thereby playing a therapeutic role. Thus, SZR is a potential candidate for treating TS because it regulates nervous system functions.
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