This paper tends to establish the short and long run dynamics between stock market and GDP growth in Nigeria utilizing yearly data spanning between 1989 and 2017. The paper deployed the ARDL, FMOLS, DOLS, Toda Yamamoto causality and the variance decomposition techniques to verify these dynamics. The ARDL Bounds test reveals evidence of cointegration in the long run among the variables. The ARDL estimate reveals market capitalization of listed companies affects economic growth positively in the short and long run. Also, stocks market turnover ratio positively impacts economic growth while stock market total value positively affects GDP in the short run. The result of the Toda Yamamoto causality revealed one-way causality from Stocks market turnover ratio to economic growth and from Stock market total value traded to economic growth. The variance decomposition revealed the strength of causality among the variables for a relatively longer period. Based on these findings, recommendations were put forward.
Although the linkages between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Human Capital Investment (HC) and economic growth have been of special interest in many lines of research for quite some time, there is no clear-cut evidence as to suggest a concrete arrow of causality between these variables. This article employs a bounds test analysis for co-integration and Granger causality test to investigate a long-term relationship between FDI, HC and economic growth in Turkey after 1970. Our results indicate that although there is no evidence for the FDI-led growth hypothesis in Turkey, there is evidence for causality in the backwards direction. There is also a strong arrow of causality running from HC to FDI and economic growth. Our findings are in line with the existing literature on the linkages between HC and economic growth; however, the fact that FDI does not cause economic growth contradicts a vast range of work in the literature. To this end, we employ a trivariate framework to analyse whether FDI and HC jointly Granger-cause per capita economic growth. Although FDI alone does not exhibit a causal relationship with per capita income growth, it is the case where FDI and HC jointly produce this result.
Background
Improving healthcare quality has become an essential objective for all health institutions worldwide to address the need to improve services, manage costs and satisfy patient expectations about the quality of care. As health is one of the leading service sectors of the North Cyprus economy, analysing patients’ perceived value of healthcare service quality is crucial. In this research, a comparative analysis of existing models revealed affordability, acceptability and accessibility as the leading modern service quality indicators affecting patients’ perceived value of healthcare service quality. The quality of services is a leading factor impacting business competition and retention dictated by the current market. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence patient perceptions of healthcare service quality in North Cyprus.
Methods
A self-administered questionnaire was carried out among 388 patients of public and private hospitals in North Cyprus, and the data were analysed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling.
Results
Empirical results highlight that the acceptability of healthcare services is a prerequisite for perceiving a high value of service quality. The affordability and accessibility of services, respectively, were less effective. Results concerning mediating effects confirm that acceptability could fully mediate the relationship between affordability and perceived value and could partially mediate the impact of accessibility on the perceived quality of healthcare services.
Conclusion
This study contributes to healthcare theory and practice by developing a conceptual framework to provide policymakers and managers with a practical understanding of factors that affect healthcare service quality.
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