El crecimiento de China en las últimas décadas y su relación con el orden mundial liberal liderado por Estados Unidos –del que China cuestiona algunas de sus principales características— ha puesto al país en el centro del debate internacional. Tres visiones del papel de China en esta relación son puestas a discusión: a) China se adapta a este orden debido a su involucramiento en la sociedad internacional y participación en organismos internacionales; b) China modifica y ajusta el orden a través de las mismas organizaciones o mediante la creación de otras nuevas; o c) hay un choque entre China y las organizaciones y un nuevo orden es construido. Este documento parte de esta discusión al analizar la relación entre China y el orden liberal internacional mediante la deconstrucción de la narrativa estratégica de China de una “Comunidad de Futuro Compartido para la Humanidad” (CFCH) para evidenciar los componentes emocionales que la sustentan. Este documento muestra cómo China usa las emociones para enfatizar ciertos principios y visiones.
The analysis of Chinese foreign policy presents itself as a challenging but necessary field. The complexities of its political system and the lack of official information about its processes are usually stated as reasons for apprehension about the exploration of the topic and any conclusions drawn. New narratives of China’s peaceful or threatening rise, the possibilities of a “Second Cold” War and Thucydides’ Trap further complicate its exploration by the inclusion of political considerations. Notwithstanding these considerations, since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China scholars have examined a wide range of alternatives to the understanding of Chinese foreign policy rationale. After a brief overview of historical perspectives, this paper categorizes and presents different entry points in the English literature to study Chinese foreign policy. Its objective, hence, is to introduce different perspectives to disentangle the topic, serving as an initial reading.
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