The Variscan orogeny occurred as a result of the Late Devonian to Late Carboniferous collision and accretion of Gondwanaderived microcontinents and continental masses with those of Laurussia. The irregular boundaries of the colliding continents caused isochronous transpressional and transtensional tectonics, accompanied by a complex pattern of intracontinental shear zones at the scale of the southern European Variscides. These shear zones and their configuration controlled the subsequent evolution of Permian to Middle Triassic paleogeography. The geographic distribution, from Morocco to the Eastern Alps, of the Late Carboniferous-Permian up to Triassic basins, most of which are considered as pull-apart basins, was related with the development of the Late Palaeozoic intracontinental shear network. Our analysis of the stratigraphic, tectonic and volcanic features of the Late Carboniferous/Permian continental basins across the Laurussia/Gondwana boundary reveals the role of the East Variscan Shear Zone during this time as a precursory lineament for the development of the Permian to Triassic rifting of Pangaea and the following opening of oceanic basins (e.g., the Neothetyan Ocean).

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The aim of this work was to establish whether asbestos fibers homogeneously occur in the different fractions ground from naturally occurring asbestos lithotypes, and to calculate the contribution of fibers from each fraction to the overall concentration in the sample. Serpentinite, metabasalt, calc-schist, clay, debris material, and soil, were addressed. Grain size fractions below 20 mm were sieved at 2 mm and 0.106 mm; they were then were mechanically milled to obtain powders below 0.106 mm. The three powdered fractions were characterized using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy following M.D. 06/09/94. The still in use (in some cases), Italian normative M.D. 161/2012 specifies that analyses must be performed on the <2 mm fraction and the concentration (mg/kg) correlated with the weight of the whole sample <20 mm. However, the fiber counts yielded asbestos concentrations 50–60% lower compared with total asbestos analyses according to the new R.P.D. 120/2017. Consequently, there is a need to standardize the normative worldwide regulations for the management of asbestos-containing materials, by re-evaluation of sample preparation and quantification of asbestos.

A flow monitoring system based on a constant temperature hot-film anemometer is presented. The device has been designed to monitor a dispensing process of extremely low quantities of adhesive material. The monitoring device presented in this paper is useful in industrial applications where exact flow speed tracking is not needed, but reliability and tolerance to parameters variability are essential. During the design of the device, problems related to the physical characteristic of the calorimetric sensor, in particular its thermal capacitance, and to the periodic nature of the monitored flow have been taken into account and suitable solutions have been implemented. The schematic representation of the monitoring device together with the experimental results obtained by monitoring fluids with different physical characteristics are presented.

The Portofino Conglomerate (PC) cropping out in the Eastern Liguria is an approximately 500 m thick, very gently folded succession mainly composed of poorly bedded and mostly matrix-supported conglomerates. It stratigraphically rests on the Helminthoid Flysch (UA3) thrusted onto the Antola Unit. We vertically distinguished three mostly ruditic litho/petrofacies: (i) Paraggi (fP) with carbonate clasts from an Helminthoid Flysch succession; (ii) Monte Pallone (fMP) with prevailing carbonate and meta-carbonate clasts and minor quartz-rich (meta)siliciclastic and high-pressure–low-pressure (HP-LP) metabasite clasts; and (iii) Monte Bocche (fMB) with dominant quartz-rich (meta)siliciclastic, meta-carbonate clasts, and minor granitoid elements and medium-temperature–high-temperature (MT-HT) regional metamorphic rocks. The middle-upper Eocen age of Paraggi litho/petrofacies is constrained by well-preserved microforaminifers (e.g., Globigerinatheka) recovered in the matrix. During its sedimentation, the directions of the paleocurrents would indicate that the PC underwent a counterclockwise rotation coeval with the first Cenozoic rotational phase of the Sardinia–Corsica system (50–30 Ma) and then stopped before the sedimentation of the Monte Pallone and Monte Bocche litho/petrofacies. The vertical compositional variation in the sedimentary inputs suggested that the PC is the result of a progressive deepening of the erosional level of a tectonic pile that can be located in the Ligurian Alps Chain. We considered the PC as the likely apical part of a submarine fan deposited in a piggy-back/thrust-top basin within the Alpine nappe stack. This sedimentary body was later tectonically transported eastward with its UA3 Helminthoid Flysch substrate (similarly to Epiligurian Units of the Northern Apennines) onto the Apenninic orogenic system (i.e., the Antola Unit).