This paper explores the potential threats of digital phenotyping and the ways it may redesign our body experience and conceptualization. We argue that technology in digital medicine, and in psychiatry in particular, is not merely an extrinsic device to achieve improvements in knowledge, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases; rather, it intrinsically and unavoidably implies potential effects on what it is to be a human person, namely the embodiment and relatedness in human affairs, and not only in the clinical setting. Last but not least, digital phenotyping may improve prediction of abnormal behaviour, but not improve its causal explanation or psychological understanding.
The chapter describes Jaspers’ debt towards XIX century philosophies - in particular Nietzsche’s Lebensphilosophie, Weber’s sociological thinking, Dilthey’s philosophy of Geisteswissenschaften, Husserl’s phenomenology. Husserl offered Jaspers an access to the ground structures of human experience, beyond abstractions and intelletual reconstructions of traditional philosophy and psychology. Dilthey provided him a neat epistemological differentiation between the methods of explication (natural sciences) and comprehension (human sciences). Weber’s sociology elaborated a precious notion of “Idealtypus”, central to Jaspers phenomenological psychopatology. Nietzsche’s meditation on the Uebermensch offered Jaspers, paradoxically enough, an insight about the nature of illness on weakness, which Jaspers philosophical anthropology assumed since the Allgemeine Psychopatologie as a constitutive dimension of human life as such.
Cet article analyse les réflexions de Saussure sur la phonologie. La lecture des textes (CLG, sources et autres écrits) montrent que Saussure accordait moins d’importance aux segments phoniques en soi qu’à leurs relations dans la chaîne, surtout en termes d’alternance entre processus d’ouverture et de fermeture, fondamentaux pour la définition de la syllabe et correspondant à des mécanismes universels. Il apparaît en outre que l’opinion courante, soutenue essentiellement par Jakobson, selon laquelle une conception du phonème moderne serait présente chez Saussure, fût-ce de manière implicite, est infondée.
This chapter explores Michel Foucault's contribution to a critical assessment of modern and contemporary psychiatric practice. It focuses firstly on theHistory of Madness(1961): the social, political, cultural, epistemological construction of the object "psychiatric patient" and "psychiatric pathology"; the gradual historical shift from "madness" to "psychiatric pathology" and its social and epistemological consequences; the horizons and limits of the romantic task Foucault assumes on this basis (namely, the idea of letting the voice of madness come back and speak again, "under" the language and categories of medical knowledge); the critique Jacques Derrida formulated (Writing and Difference, 1967) about this project, and particularly about Foucault's reading of Descartes. Secondly, it examines Foucault's course onPsychiatric Power(1975), focusing on the sociopolitical consequences of this medicalization process: i.e., the construction of the object "psychiatric patient" as "disciplinated bodies", and the general context of this anthropological metamorphosis Foucault studied in his booksDiscipline and Punish,The Will to Knowledge, and in his courseNaissance de la biopolitique(namely, the shift, during the last two centuries, from a disciplinary model to a biopolitical model of power and, more specifically, of administration of mental illness and mental health).
L'articolo propone una succinta lettura dellae di altri scritti di Bühler da un'angolatura linguistica. Viene cosě richiamata l'attenzione su alcuni punti ancora attuali e non del tutto messi a frutto nel dibattito teorico contemporaneo sulle scienze del linguaggio. In particolare l'Autore si sofferma su: a) il concetto di campo; b) la teoria dei due campi e l'integrazione tra il campo simbolico e il campo deittico, con un accenno alla questione dell'ellissi; c) l'assiomatica di B., con particolare riferimento al suo modello di segno e sul sistema simbolo/campo; d) la prospettiva gestaltica nella rappresentazione del piano fonico delle lingue.
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