The article offers an evaluation of the efficiency of power plants that use renewable energy. With the way tariffs for thermal energy are nowadays, the minimum cost of solar water heating (SWH) plants with a payback period of 7 years should not exceed $50/m 2 . Capital expenses for SWH plants with a drain-down system are 30-40% times lower than traditional SWHs with circulation systems, and their payback period does not exceed 5-5.7 years. Based on the present electricity tariffs in Russia, it is estimated that the minimal acceptable investments in wind turbines with a payback period of 7 years should not exceed $800/kW. Biogas that is obtained from specialized plants of medium and high-power costs $15,000-60,000/m 3 . But the price of biogas produced in low energy power plants is about $80,000-270,000, which is cheaper than natural gas. So, the use of biogas is economically justified at the moment.
The paper proposes the radical transformation of the global energy market is influenced by a combination of geopolitical, macroeconomic, technological realities, the combination of which leads to fundamental changes in the world order in the development of the gas segment. The paper uses the method of energy balance. It proved ensuring growth in gas production and transportation, production and sale of high value-added gas products in the domestic, European and Asian markets. The onset of the Golden Age of Gas, according to the forecast of the International Energy Agency (IEA), is expected by 2035, when global gas consumption will increase by one and a half times. The study result is that the expansion of the range of gas resources and the modernization of the structure of the gas industry, the formation of the latest Eurasian energy architecture in the face of increasing competition in international markets necessitate the strengthening of Russia's leading positions in the global gas market.
Today, energy is an irreplaceable resource without which it is impossible to imagine the life of modern society. Oil, as the most important energy resource, has a significant impact on both individual economies and the world economy. The main objective of this chapter is to identify the relationship between oil supply and oil demand of developed and developing countries on the example of OECD and Former Soviet Union countries. The changes that took place in supply and demand in the oil market from 2000 to 2020 are investigated. The chapter uses graphic and mathematical analysis. It is clear with a fair amount of confidence that the oil demand in developed countries is higher than their supply, and the supply of oil in developing countries is rather more than demand. Also, the chapter draws attention to investments in the oil industry, including on the example of Russia as a former USSR country, analyzes their current state, and draws appropriate conclusions.
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