Abstract-The self-imaging property of a homogeneous multimoded planar optical waveguide has been applied in the design of passive planar monomode optical couplers based on multimode interference (MMI). Based on these designs, 3 dB and cross couplers were fabricated in Si02/A120~/Si02 channel waveguides on Si substrates. Theoretical predictions and experimental results at 1.52-pm wavelength are presented which demonstrate that MMI couplers offer high performance: on-chip excess loss better than 0.5 dB, high reproducibility, low polarization dependence and small device size.
Abstract-Two-mode-interference (TMI) couplers are shorter than weakly coupled waveguides, and less sensitive to production tolerances. Modifications for further reduction of the sensitivity of the coupler to production tolerances are presented and experimentally demonstrated. 3-dB couplers with dimensions of 40 x 700 pm were realized with 0.5-dB insertion loss.
Experimental results are presented on a new type of planar (Multimode Interference) coupler. Two-mode interference (TMI) couplers (Fig. la) were reported already in 1977 as an alternative to weak synchronous couplers,1 they are shorter and less sensitive to variations in the fabrication process, and thus have a potential for application without trimming or tuning facility. Further, they exhibit less polarization dependence.
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