Genetic diversity in 51 genotypes of Guinea grass was estimated through D analysis. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The clustering pattern indicated no relationship between the genetic divergence and geographic distribution. The intra cluster generalised distance was the highest in cluster. 1 (35 genotypes) and lowest in cluster III (2 genotypes). The inter cluster distance was the highest between clusters IV and VII and was the least between clusters II and III. Cluster VI exhibited the maximum mean values for plant height, leaf weight, leaf-stem ratio and crude protein content and least value for crude fibre content. Cluster V recorded the maximum mean values for stem weight and green fodder yield per plant. The best genotypes from different clusters were identified for future crossing programme for improvement of green fodder yield and quality..
The range of variation for 14 different characters indicated wide differences among the genotypes. The magnitudes of GCV were more or less equivalent to PCV for most of the characters studied indicating the least influence of the environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean and high GCV were recorded for grain yield, straw yield, ear head weight, number of secondary branches, number of primary branches and plant height indicating the presence of additive gene action for these traits. Number of primary and secondary branches, number of whorls, leaf width and length, number of leaves and plant height showed strong positive correlation with yield. Selection for number of whorls, primary and secondary branches, leaf length, number of leaves, plant height and ear head weight might be effective in achieving higher yield in red grain sorghum hybrids.
Fourteen indica rice genotypes studied for the genetic diversity were grouped into five clusters by Mahalanobis D2 analysis. Cluster I consisted of ten genotypes, cluster II, III, IV and V consisteed of single genotype each viz. ADT 40, CR 1009, HA 891037 and Improved White Ponni respectively. Filled grains number per panicle followed by days to 50 per cent flowering contributed the maximum to the genetic divergence. Cluster III exhibited relatively high mean value for days to 50 per cent flowering and grain yield. The highest contribution to the maximum divergence was made by filled grains number per panicle followed by days to 50 per cent flowering and plant height. Hybrids between parents from inter clusters produced higher heterosis than the parents from intra cluster.
Seven sweet sorghum parental lines and their forty two hybrids were used for studying the genotypic correlation among grain yield and its related characters. The results showed that panicle weight had the highest positive correlation (0.9784) with grain yield followed by panicle length. Hence, for improving grain yield in sweet sorghum, selection should largely depend upon panicle weight and panicle length.
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