Sebagai wacana tandingan atas fenomena intoleransi yang bermunculan di Indonesia, kajian terkait keramahan terhadap agama lain (religious-others hospitality) harus dikaji lebih serius. Berdasarkan argumentasi Siddiqui yang mengatakan bahwa keramahan terhadap yang berbeda agama, bermuara pada masalah tarik menarik antara keberadaan manusia sebagai makhluk bermoral (Moral person) dan sebagai individu yang terikat oleh hukum (Legal person), penelitian ini mengkaji permasalahan kontestasi antara kedua faktor tersebut di kalangan mahasiswa Muslim di tiga Kampus Bela Negara (UPN Veteran Jawa Timur, Jakarta, dan Yogyakarta). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran (mixed methods) yang menggabungkan penyebaran online questionnaire dan wawancara dengan para pengajar mata kuliah Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Pendidikan Bela Negara. Berdasarkan analisis kuantitatif, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa faktor moral person dan legal person berpengaruh positif pada pembentukan karakter keramahan pada diri mahasiswa sebesar 10.4% dengan proporsi nilai moral person (yang terdiri dari nilai-nilai agama) lebih dominan dibanding legal person. Analisis kualitiatif lanjutan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga faktor pendukung terbentuknya keramahaman para mahasiswa: kemajemukan latar belakang keagamaan, nilai-nilai Bela Negara yang ditanamkan pada mata kuliah wajib, serta dukungan penuh dari segenap pimpinan serta tenaga pengajar. Kata kunci: keramahan, religious others, Kampus Bela Negara, moral person, legal person As a counter discourse to the cases of intolerance in Indonesia, studies related to religious-others hospitality should be revisited more seriously. Based on Siddiqui's argument that hospitality towards different religions leads to the issue of attraction between the existence of humans as “Moral persons” and as “Legal persons,” this current article examines the contestation between those two factors among Muslim students at three State Defense Campuses (UPN Veteran Jawa Timur, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta). This current research uses mixed method to gain its primary data that combines spreading of online questionnaire and interviews with lecturers of Islamic Education and State Defense subjects. Based on quantitative analysis, this study concludes that the moral person and legal person factors have a positive impact on the formation of the religious-others hospitality character by 10.4% with the proportion of moral person values (consisting of religious values) being more dominant than the other one. Further qualitative analysis shows that there are three factors that support the formation of student’s religious-others hospitality: the plurality of their religious backgrounds, the values of Bela Negara that are instilled in a compulsory subject, and full support from all leaders of the university and its teaching staff. Keywords: hospitality, religious others, State Defense Campus, moral person, legal person
This article attempts to look at great potential of pesantren as the oldest Islamic religious institution in Indonesia. This research analyzes the three primary assets owned by pesantren (human capital, social capital, and intellectual capital) to become agents of inter-religious harmony. It is based on field research conducted in two Islamic boarding schools with great attention to issues of inter-religious harmony, namely the Aswaja Nusantara Islamic Boarding School, Mlangi, Yogyakarta, managed by Kiai Muhammad Mustafid and the Roudhatus Sholihin Islamic Boarding School, Demak, managed by KH. Abdul Qodir, Lc. The primary data sources of this study were taken from interviews with the leaders and notes from Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with representatives of students. Based on the SWOT analysis of the collected data, this study concludes that Pesantren has excellent potential to become an agent of inter-religious harmony because of its social and intellectual capital and the diverse backgrounds of its students. However, this still requires pesantrens to conduct collaborative-comprehensive efforts to maximize their potential.
This chapter examines the impact of Islamic identity in physical spaces on its representation online. It finds that even though the media plays an essential role in expanding religion, the different logic of each in most cases creates conflicts, particularly in the case of identity. In Indonesian online media, the issue of “the criminalization of ulama” shows a clear token of how the long-established concept of religious identity in Islam faced various challenges and threats in the contemporary media environment. Consequently, Muslim religious leaders are more cautious in adopting new media. This chapter finds the same evidence in the early Muslims’ interactions with traditional media. Using mediatization and Campbell’s Religious-Social Shaping Technology as its theoretical basis, this chapter argues that the logic of Islamic identity, which is strongly attached to physical values, is different from the logic of media online. Accordingly, this mentality causes a cautious attitude among Muslim religious leaders to adopt media (from the old to the current digital media).
The phenomenon of fear of being different (xenophobia), which has recently emerged in the global world, has made the issue of hospitality an urgent one to be seriously reviewed. Following Mona Siddique's argument (2015) that the problem of friendliness towards people of other religions actually boils down to a tug-of-war between two factors that attract each other within a person, namely moral factors and legal factors, This paper mainly focuses on discussing how the contestation between these two factors occurs within a student and how it affects their response to issues of hospitality towards others, to anticipate xenophobia among young Muslims in the future. This paper concludes that there is a hierarchy of value systems (represented by moral and legal values) within the students that influence their responses to issues between religious communities in general and hospitality to religious communities in particular. At this point, the potential for santri and Islamic scholarship among mahasantri significantly increases this value system and, in the end, produces very positive implications for their good understanding of hospitality towards non-Muslims
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