The chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained by solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and hydrodistillation (HD) from the peel of grapefruit (Citrus Paradisi. L) was analysed by gas chromatography ⁄ mass spectrometry (GC ⁄ MS). Totally, twenty-five components were identified in the EO. Limonene was observed as dominant (91.5-88.6%) for two extraction methods, SFME and HD, respectively. b-Pinene (0.8-1.2%), linalool (1.1-0.7%), a-terpinene (0.7-1.0%) and the other minor components were also detected. Disc diffusion method was applied to determine the antibacterial properties of the EO. The results showed that the EO of grapefruit peel had a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens and Proteus vulgaris, with their inhibition zones ranging from 11 to 53 mm.

Two Bodipy derivatives with silyl-protected phenolic functionalities signal fluoride concentrations both in solution and in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix. The exact location of the "nascent" phenolate group is important. If it is at the meso position, photoinduced electron transfer is triggered; however, if it is in full conjugation via a styryl moiety to the Bodipy core, strong intramolecular charge transfer is triggered, resulting in a large red shift in the absorbance peak. In either case, a selective methodology for fluoride sensing is the invariable result.Anion sensing is a challenging task. 1 This is due to large variations in size, shape, charge distribution, and strong solvation in polar and/or H-bond donor solvents. While continuous monitoring and real time imaging of anionic species require reversible chemosensors, for some anions, a reaction-based sensor, 2 a "chemical dosimeter". would be equally useful. For practical applications, one can easily envision a "dipstick" for selected anions such as cyanide or fluoride considering how and where it could be relevant to measure the concentrations of these ions. Fluoride, being a strong base in organic solvents can be considered to be an easy target for sensing, 3 as many different types of fluores- †

Styryl-congutated BODIPY dyes which are structurally similar to known Aβ peptide binding dyes, were designed and synthesized. The binding is accompanied by a large increase in the emission intensity in all cases, suggesting a high potential for use in the fluorescence imaging of Aβ plaques. © 2014 the Partner Organisations

Die direkte Erzeugung des Boryl‐Enamins 2 durch Radikaladdition an den chiralen, α,β‐ungesättigten Oximether 1 (X=(1R)‐Camphersultam, Bn=Benzyl) und seine Reaktion mit Aldehyden lieferte in einer Tandem‐C‐C‐Verknüpfung Lactone 3. Diese neuartige asymmetrische Synthese von γ‐Butyrolactonen und γ‐Aminosäuren schließt einen radikalischen und einen ionischen Prozess ein.