Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of hyperbilirubinemia on neurological and hearing function in otherwise healthy term newborns with neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Method: This study was performed prospectively in 41 term newborns hospitalized for indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Patients with no signs of hemolysis were categorized in 3 groups based on stabil levels as sTB <20 mg/dl, 20-24.9 mg/dl, and =>25 mg/dl. Patients with total bilirubin level =>20 mg/dl and hemolytic disease were classified as the fourth group. The relationship between maximum sTB level, duration of exposure to sTB levels >20 mg/dl and etiology of jaundice with neurological and auditory functions was investigated. Detailed neurological examination, Denver II developmental screening test and hearing tests (otoacoustic emissions, OAE and auditory brainstem responses, ABR) were performed to all patients between 18-24 months of age. Results: Neurodevelopmental disorder was found in 5 (12.2%) patients. Hemolytic disease was detected in two of these patients. Hearing loss was found in 4 (9.8%) of the patients. Two of these patients had auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder and the other two had cochlear hearing loss. The sTB levels of all these patients were above 25 mg/dl. No neurological disorder or hearing loss was found in the patients who had stabil of <25 mg/dl. Exposure time to sTB levels above 20 mg/dl was significantly longer in patients with neurological dysfunction and pathologic ABR results (p:0.007, p:0.007; p<0.05). Conclusion:This study demonstrates that kernicterus may develop in term newborns with severe hyperbilirubinemia (sTB>25 mg/dl) without any finding of significant hemolysis. Not only the bilirubin level but also the duration of exposure to high bilirubin levels may be effective in the development of bilirubin neurotoxicity. The high rate of hearing loss in our patients emphasizes the importance of screening for infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia using comprehensive auditory evaluation for early diagnosis of possible hearing loss. ÖZAmaç: Bu çalışmada, neonatal indirekt hiperbilirubinemi dışında başka sorunu olmayan term yenidoğanlarda, hiperbilirubineminin nörolojik gelişim ve işitme fonksiyonu üzerinde uzun dönem etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, indirekt hiperbilirubinemi nedeniyle yatırılarak tedavi edilen 41 term yenidoğanda ileriye dönük olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hemoliz bulgusu saptanmayan hastalar sTB <20 mg/dl, 20-24.9 mg/dl, =>25 mg/dl olarak 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Hemolitik hastalık saptanan ve sTB =>20 mg/dl olan hastalar 4. grup olarak belirlenmiştir. Maksimum sTB düzeyi, sTB >20 mg/dl üzerinde kalma süresi ve sarılık etyolojisi ile nörolojik ve işitsel fonksiyonlar arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Tüm olgulara 18-24. aylar arasında ayrıntılı nörolojik muayene, Denver II gelişimsel tarama testi ve işitme testleri (otoakustik emisyon, OAE ve işitsel beyin sapı cevapları, ABR) incelemesi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların 5'inde (%12,2) nö...

Nephrocalcinosis is uncommon in childhood, and almost always develops outside the newborn period. Over the last decade, nephrocalcinosis due to multifactorial pathogenesis has increased in very low birth‐weight infants. In this report a 23 day old full‐term baby with nephrocalcinosis secondary to distal renal tubular acidosis is described.

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Clinical presentation of hypopituitarism may be variable in the neonate. Symptoms are generally nonspecific, ranging from absent to severe, and even life-threatening, due to adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency. Presently described is a case of unexplained respiratory distress and edema in a neonate. Initial screening revealed panhypopituitarism. Respiratory distress improved after replacement treatment with hydrocortisone and thyroxine.