Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is associated with various health benefits. In this review, we searched current work about the effects of EGCG and its wound dressings on skin for wound healing. Hydrogels, nanoparticles, micro/nanofiber networks and microneedles are the major types of EGCG-containing wound dressings. The beneficial effects of EGCG and its wound dressings at different stages of skin wound healing (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling) were summarized based on the underlying mechanisms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, angiogenesis and antifibrotic properties. This review expatiates on the rationale of using EGCG to promote skin wound healing and prevent scar formation, which provides a future clinical application direction of EGCG.
BACKGROUND
Dermatologic surgeons have performed botulinum toxin type A injection to treat muscular calves, with different dosages and injection sites suggested.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the use of individualized botulinum toxin type A injection protocols to treat hypertrophic calves in Asian women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 294 calves were examined and their bulging areas divided into 4 units (Units 1, 2, 3, 4). The rare bulging area unit 5 was only seen in 1 case. Thirty-five cases were treated using botulinum toxin type A between September 2011 and May 2016, with the treatment protocol chosen according to the assessed bulging units. Standard photo documentation was performed at each clinical visit.
RESULTS
The average injection dose was 187 ± 10 U per patient. The average maximum calf circumference was significantly reduced 3 months postinjection, with that of the right leg reduced from 36.48 ± 0.57 to 34.87 ± 0.44 cm, and that of the left leg from 36.26 ± 0.61 to 34.71 ± 0.53 cm (both p < .01). The overall patient satisfaction rate was 73.08%.
CONCLUSION
A botulinum toxin type A injection protocol tailored to the shape of the hypertrophic calf muscle can effectively improve the contour of the lower leg.
Wound management, especially for chronic wounds, has emerged as a major
healthcare challenge, which brings great pain and other negative impacts
to patients, and accounts for significant portions of health care
budgets. The common practice of covering wounds with dressings, owing to
the lack of information about wound healing underneath, cannot provide
insights into the status of the wound. Changing the dressings to inspect
wounds not only disturbs normal healing process of wounds, but also
causes pain to affected individuals. Therefore, it is necessary to rely
on parameters in the wound microenvironment such as temperature, pH,
moisture level, and etc., by continuously monitoring, to indicate the
wound status and healing stages. Moreover, intelligent on-demand
treatment systems also can be integrated into the smart dressing, called
new-type skin bioelectronic systems to be applicated in wound repair.
Besides monitoring, these kinds of skin bioelectronic systems can offer
effective treatments automatedly when the wound deteriorates. It makes
timely treatment possible and avoids delayed treatment and uncovering
the dressing to give medicine. In this review, wound healing-related
indexes in the wound microenvironment are discussed, applications of
various smart dressings with functions of monitoring or/and treatment
are summarized.
Cosmesis is paramount in the reconstruction of small nasal defects. Yotsuyanagi et al have previously described nasal aesthetic subunits in patients of Asian descent and their implications for reconstruction of large nasal defects, including forehead flap and Z-plasty. The impact of Asian skin types and aesthetic subunits on reconstruction planning of small nasal defects has not been rigorously explored. The aim of this article is to present a novel method for repairing small nose defects in patients of Asian descent using V-Y advancement flap designed using Yotsuyanagi nasal subunit aesthetic principles. A total of 21 defects ranging from 7 to 22 mm in size in 21 patients of Asian descent were repaired with either 1 or 2 V-Y advancement flaps designed along Yotsuyanagi nasal subunit borders. All reconstructions were completed successfully in one stage. Scars were inconspicuous and nasal subunits were neither displaced nor twisted. All patients were pleased with the cosmetic outcomes. The use of V-Y advancement flaps based on Asian aesthetic nasal subunit principles for the reconstruction of small nasal defects is a novel, cosmetically sensitive alternative.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.