The genetic link between neurofibromatosis and breast cancer has recently intrigued the researchers and breast practitioners alike. While the association is well established in females, the same cannot be said for the male breast cancer due to paucity of cases. With only two cases reported previously, our knowledge is sparse. We hereby report two cases of male breast cancer with neurofibromatosis.
Background: Liver injuries induced by different toxic substances have been recognized as one of the great toxicological problem for years. However, there are a lot of herbal medicines existing to compensate these disorders.Alcohols are one of the most important organic compounds in different areas of our daily lives. The health benefits of Ajwa Date Fruit Extract are well documented in literature. Objective: To determine the effect of alcohol on weight of liver and possible protective role of Ajwa date fruit extract (ADFE) in adult male albino rats. Study Design:Experimental Study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore from 1st October 2018 to 31st March 2019. Methodology: Twenty four adult male albino rats were used in this research and divided into the 4 groups A, B, C and D having 6 rats in each group. Group A was designated as control group;group B received ethanol 3g/kg/day of 40% v/v prepared in distilled water; group C received ethanol and ADFE1g/kg/day and group D received ethanol and ADFE 2g/kg/day by oral gavage once daily for 28 days.The 100% pure alcohol was dissolved in distilled water for preparation of 40% alcohol. Dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits washed with tap water and removed the seeds. The extract of the date fruits made by adding distilled water to date fruit (3:1) and leaving for 48 hours in refrigerator (4°C). Results: The increase in mean weight of liver in group B on 29th day of experiment were statistically significant (p=0.001) in comparison with the control. The mean weight of liver was decreased significantly after 28 days of experiment in experimental groups C and D. Conclusions: Alcohol administration in the male albino rats significantly increase their weight of liver which was improved by the use of ADFE. Key words: Alcohol, Ajwa date fruit extract, Rats
Background: Surgeon may learn more about the acetabular morphology and make a more accurate diagnosis of hip dysplasia by measuring the acetabular depth ratio. Understanding the intricacy and etiopathogenesis of illnesses like primary osteoarthritis of the hip joint etc. requires a thorough familiarity with the anatomical factors associated with this region. Objective: To evaluate the morphometric analysis of acetabulum and its clinical correlation. Study Design: Observational based study Study Setting: This study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore from July 2022 to December 2022. Methodology: Using the teaching collection of the Anatomy Department, researchers examined 160 hip bones from adults with known sex. A set of digital vernier calipers was used to get all the measurements. Each variable was measured twice at separate times, and the mean of the two values was recorded. With no abnormalities in the morphology or moisture content of any of the chosen hip bones were included in the study. Osteoarthritic alterations, traumatic injuries, and skeletal diseases all led to specimen exclusion. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: All anatomical parameters of 160 hip bones were calculated in cm in which 76 (47.5%) were males and 84 (52.5%) were females. There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left sides of anatomical parameter (p>0.05). However, there were statically different in between gender. Males had a deeper acetabulum (2.8 cm) than females (2.6 cm). The acetabular diameter was statistically significantly larger in men than in females (p=0.00). The notched width in females was larger (2.75 cm) than in men (1.75 cm), and the capacity was more in males as compared to female. 96.7% of the bones had a pointed front and a lunate-shaped back. The form of the lunate at both the anterior and posterior ends is present in 3.3% of the cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, by comparing male and female 20 to 47 years of age, the current research found statistically highly significant (p<0.05) differences in acetabular depth, diameter, capacity, and notch width. Ninety-three percent of the bones had a pointed front and a lunate-shaped rear. Just 5% of instances don't have the lunate shape at either the anterior or posterior ends. In order for orthopedic surgeons to accurately determine the diameter of the acetabulum during surgical operations, it is required to do a preoperative evaluation of the acetabulum's diameter. Keywords: Acetabulum Diameter, Acetabulum Depth, Acetabulum Width, Acetabulum Capacity
Acknowledgment: We are indebted to Dr. Rashad Hussain from department of animal sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad for his consistent support and guidance for the write up of this manuscript. Study’s background and aim: Metformin, an oral antidiabetic agent has been studied in the past for its protective effects in aminoglycoside induced renal injuries. We hypothesized that the use of metformin may be protective in the aminoglycoside mediated acute renal failure. We thus tried two doses of metformin (M1; 75mg/kg/day) (M2; 150mg/kg/day) to evaluate this preventive potential on gentamicin induced acute renal failure in rats. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place of Study: Animal House of National Institute of Health Islamabad/ Department of Pharmacology, AL Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Islamabad, duration was 1stAugust 2018 to 31stJanuary 2019. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into three main groups (n=10) kept under similar conditions for food and temperature. Renal failure was induced by injecting gentamicin (80mg/kg/day) intraperitonealy (ip) for eight days with simultaneous administration of oral metformin for 28 days.Slides of rats’ kidneys were prepared for histological comparison at the last day of study. Results: In gentamicin induced renal failure and simultaneous administration of metformin, the histological findings of rat kidneys showed remarkable tissue necrosis in control group and prevention in metformin treated groups. Conclusion: Based on the histological results of our study it was concluded that metformin at a dose of 150mg/kg showed a nephroprotective effect in gentamicin induced renal injuries in Sprague-Dawley rats. Keywords: Metformin, Gentamicin, Nephrotoxicty, Renal injuries, Nephroprotective effect
Aim: To study the frequency and factors associated with peritoneal involvement among patients operated for acute appendicitis in a tertiary care hospital. Place and duration of study: Department of Surgery, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan from 1stJuly 2020 to 30thJune 2021. Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study 500 patients diagnosed as acute appendicitis and operated by consultant surgeon were included. Peritoneal involvement was defined as signs of inflammation or infection on abdominal lining observed by operating surgeon during the time of surgery. Factors like age, gender, presence of comorbid illnesses and history of previous abdominal surgeries were associated with presence of peritoneal involvement. Results: There were 305 (61%) males while 195 (39%) were females with mean age was 32.331±4.544 years.Four hundred and forty two (88.4%) did not show any peritoneal involvement at the time of surgery while 58 (11.6%) had peritoneal involvement. Chi-square test revealed that history of previous abdominal surgeries and advancing age had statistically significant association with peritoneal involvement among the study participants (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: Peritoneal involvement was found in considerable number of patients operated as acute appendicitis by the treating surgeons. Patients with previous history of abdominal surgeries and advancing age were more at risk of having peritoneal involvement in our study. Keywords: Acuteappendicitis, Peritonitis, Risk factors, Frequency
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