For a building to be considered sustainable, it is essential that it be energy efficient and assess the impact that its implementation and use will have on the environment. The evaluation of the energy efficiency of the systems that make up a building becomes fundamental. For this, the analysis of the envelope, its materiality, its conductivity indices and thermal transmittance directly influence the energy consumption of a building. Based on the Technical Quality Regulation for the Energy Efficiency Level of Commercial, Service and Public Buildings (RTQ-C), it was possible to evaluate and classify the efficiency levels of an educational building located in the municipality of Lajeado, Rio de Janeiro state. Grande do Sul, Brazil, applying natural and innovative materials for thermal insulation of wraps. The original rating of Level D goes to levels A and B, depending on the amount of insulating material applied. It is noteworthy that for the building to be classified as Level A, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the artificial lighting system by 65%.
Atualmente, o cenário mundial energético e ambiental encontra-se em um estado crítico, com demanda de energia cada vez maior e geração ainda dependente de recursos naturais esgotáveis e poluentes. O elevado consumo elétrico direcionado à climatização artificial é o principal alvo do estudo. O intento deste artigo é analisar o isolamento térmico pelo exterior da edificação, External Thermal Insulation Composite System (Etics), ante o clima quente da região da Zona Bioclimática 2 no período analisado, por meio de cálculos normativos e de medições de temperaturas em protótipos executados em alvenaria convencional, na cidade de Lajeado, RS, Brasil. Como resultado, obteve-se redução de 81% da transmitância térmica (U), e 68% do consumo energético do protótipo com Etics, interferindo consideravelmente no dimensionamento de condicionadores de ar. A eficiência do sistema ficou evidente quando analisados os gráficos comparativos de temperaturas internas, utilizando o protótipo Etics. Constatou-se temperaturas mais amenas e estáveis, em relação ao ambiente externo e ao protótipo sem isolamento. As análises demonstram uma intervenção consideravelmente positiva do Etics no desempenho térmico para a Zona Bioclimática 2.
The advent of new technologies related to thermal insulation systems in civil construction helps buildings become more efficient, reducing their consumption of electric energy through air conditioning, and providing thermal comfort to users. The research aims to develop a facade cladding board for buildings, with thermal insulation starting from vacuum, and corn cob. Facade coatings with mortar finish were developed, filling them with developed materials. Three prototypes were executed in masonry of ceramic blocks, with dimensions of 60x60x64,0 cm. The Field Logger 512K (Lite) and PT100 sensors were used for data collection of external temperature and internal temperature of the prototypes. Solar radiation data were collected by the university weather station, model Davis-6450. It is worth noting the average internal temperature reduction in Prototype 2 and 3, compared to 1 (without isolation), which was 2.74 ° C and 8.05 ° C.
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