This document deals with the Peruvian economy, Peruvian mining and Puno region, its potential, its social problems, the urgent issues to solve, among them: malnutrition, infantile anemia, employment generation, among others. The regional economy is described in terms of GDP, employment and per capita income indicators. Also includes some recommendations to be implemented. After the deep economic crisis (late 1989); the Peruvian economy presents a recovery and during the last two decades, we lived an amazing economic recovery in which mining plays a very important role, putting value on other activities. What made this possible? A new legal framework that promotes and guarantees private investment in addition to the right management of fiscal and monetary policies. However, mining in the Puno region has not been similar to the national advancement, because, Puno is not a mining region like the other regions of Peru, although it may seem otherwise, due to the news of informal mining and the illegal mining that is practiced in the region. Mining in Puno in terms of production, mining reserves, problems and future perspectives on what should be done. The great challenge is to incorporate informal miners to be formal so that they can receive benefits from government services and can pay their taxes. In recent weeks, the discovery of a lithium deposit in Macusani, Carabaya Province, that has been reported. The development of this mining project would change the regional economy and the country, even more if it is given added value.
Mining has played an important role in the development of the country in the last two decades, which is why we could call it the “mining boom”. This is confirmed with positive correlations of historical GDP data at national level and mining GDP. There is a high correlation between the regional economy and the regional mining activity (measured in terms of GDP according to regions). However, mining activity does not directly affect regional agricultural activity, agriculture continues its normal course of development. All regional GDP from 2007 to 2017 show positive growth rates. Likewise, all regions have a positive growth rate in the agricultural sector. The average annual growth rate of the mining sector at the country level from 2007 to 2017 varies by region. Some regions grow positively and others have a lower annual growth rate. In general, each of the regions is unique, presenting different growth rates in its regional GDP, agricultural GDP and mining GDP. The secondary information comes from the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, National Institute of Statistics and Information and the Ministry of Mining, among others.
One of the problems in the rural areas of the Puno region is the persistence of poverty, despite the fact that the region has agricultural, tourism, mining, cultural and ecological resources. This document analyzes the takeoff of tourism in the Puno region as an alternative that contributes to regional development. The objective is to systematize the takeoff of tourism activity in Puno and its contribution to regional development. The specific objectives are: to know the factors that contribute to the takeoff of tourism in Puno, measure the role of tourism in the economic growth of the region, and propose policies to continue its growth. The tourist resources available to the region, private and public investments, the offer of new ecological and cultural products were analyzed: such as the Candelaria festival and the new products of community rural tourism and public policies at national and regional level. Likewise, the number of arrivals, days of stay, most visited places and the profile of the foreign tourist are analyzed.
The general objective is to analyze the factors that contribute to social conflicts that limit the implementation of the planned mining investments and evaluate their impact on national and regional development. The theoretical approaches that support research at the macro level are the problems of institutionalization of subsoil ownership that unequally affects the rights of those involved in the sharing of their benefits; the poor distribution of tax revenues generated by mining. At the regional and local level, the persistence of relative poverty due to the culture of the limited good and the effect of mining exploitation on water availability and the impact of land and agricultural production. The data source is of secondary origin and uses indicators such as: GDP, Mining production, mining export, investment in mining, tax contribution, among others, published by INEI, MINEM, MEF and BCRP, Ombudsman, SUNAT and others. The general conclusion is that the aforementioned factors concur to question the current modality of exploiting the mining resources that are exhaustible and that from the point of view of the peasant communities and the surrounding population, this exploitation of the resources that they consider should benefit them as a priority cancels their chances of getting out of backwardness and poverty.
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