This descriptive study was conducted to determine nursing students' observation of ethical problems encountered in their clinical practice. Data were collected through a questionnaire from 153 volunteer nursing students at a university-based nursing school in Ankara, Turkey. The students reported that some patients are either physically or psychologically mistreated by doctors and nurses; they were not given appropriate information; they were subjected to discrimination according to their socio-economic situation; and their privacy was ignored. The findings reveal that nurses' own unethical behaviors contribute to a rise in ethical problems. It is argued that nurses should internalize their professional and ethical roles in order to provide safe and ethical care and be good role models for students.

Aims and objectives To compare the reliability and predictive validity of the Braden and Jackson/Cubbin PI risk assessment scales in intensive care unit patients. Background Risk assessment with a standardised tool is the usual intervention for preventing pressure injury. Therefore, tools used to assess pressure injury risk should be valid and reliable for the designated patient population. Design A prospective and cross‐sectional study adheres to the STARD guideline. Methods This study was conducted between November 2017–April 2018 in the intensive care units of a tertiary level university hospital in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 176 patients admitted to three intensive care units. Risk assessment was performed once daily with the Braden scale, followed immediately with the Jackson/Cubbin scale. Risk assessment was terminated on the day of pressure injury development or upon patient discharge from the intensive care unit. Each patient's final risk assessment was considered in the data analysis. Results The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Jackson/Cubbin and Braden scales was .78 and .85, respectively. The predictive validity of the Jackson/Cubbin scale was confirmed by a sensitivity of .87, specificity of .84, positive predictive value of .47 and negative predictive value of .97. These values for the Braden scale were .95, .75, .38 and .99, respectively. Conclusion Both the Jackson/Cubbin and Braden scales are reliable and valid scales for pressure injury risk assessment in intensive care unit patients. However, the predictive ability to determine patients at risk and not at risk for pressure injury was better for the Jackson/Cubbin scale than for the Braden scale. Relevance to clinical practice Both scales are reliable and valid scales for pressure injury risk assessment. Jackson/Cubbin scale's discriminative ability (between the patients at pressure injury risk and not at pressure injury risk) was better.

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Öz Purpose: Engaging patients in their health care management journey has emerged as the requirement of the patient-centered care. Considering as an evidencebased measure, The Patient Health Engagement Scale was developed to evaluate patients' emotional, behavioral, and cognitive competences during their care. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of PHE-s in Turkish patients with chronic diseases. Materials and Methods: In this methodological study, one hundred and fourteen inpatients with chronic diseases were recruited in June 2018 in a university hospital. Content validity and reliability analysis were conducted. The original scale was translated into Turkish and back into English. Results: The Ordinal alpha was found 0.80, which refers to a good internal consistency. The Rasch analysis demonstrated that the scale is unidimensional. The interitem polychoric correlation coefficient was equal to 0.61 and every factor loadings in the Categorical Principal Component Analysis were higher than 0.74. Conclusion: Taking into consideration, The Turkish version of the Patient Health Engagement Scale has good psychometric properties for evaluating the patient engagement phases and can be used by the Turkishspeaking community. Amaç: Hastaları sağlık bakım yönetimine dahil etmek, hasta merkezli bakımın bir gerekliliği olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Hasta Katılımı Ölçeği, hastaların bakımları süresince duygusal, davranışsal ve bilişsel yeterliliklerini değerlendirmek üzere geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kronik hastalığı olan bireylerde, Hasta Katılımı Ölçeği'nin Türkçe formunun psikometrik özelliklerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu metodolojik çalışma, bir üniversite hastanesinde yatmakta olan ve kronik hastalığa sahip 114 hasta ile, 2018 yılı haziran ayı içinde yürütülmüştür. Kapsam geçerliliği ve güvenirlik analizi sağlanmıştır. Orijinal ölçeğin Türkçe dil geçerliliği yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Ordinal alfa değeri 0.80 olarak hesaplanmıştır, bu değer iç tutarlılığın yüksek olduğunu işaret etmektedir. Rasch analizi, ölçeğin tek boyutlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Maddeler arası polikorik korelasyon katsayısı 0.61'dir ve Kategorik Temel Bileşen Analizi'ne göre her faktör yükü 0.74'ten yüksektir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Hasta Katılımı Ölçeği'nin Türkçe uyarlamasının hasta katılımı fazlarını değerlendirmede yeterli psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğu söylenebilir.

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COVID-19, 1918 yılında başlayan ve yaklaşık 500 milyon kişinin enfekte olmasına neden olan İspanyol gribinden sonra tüm dünyanın karşı karşıya kaldığı en büyük salgındır. COVID-19 hastalığına neden olan SARS-CoV-2 virüsü temas ve damlacık yoluyla bireyden bireye bulaşmakta ve hızla yayılmaktadır. Hastalığın kesin tedavisi ve aşı konusunda araştırmalar halen devam ettiğinden, virüsün bulaşması ve hastalığın önlenmesi ve kontrol edilmesindeki en önemli girişim kişisel koruyucu önlemlerin alınmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışma uluslararası ve ulusal düzeyde hastalık kontrolü ve önleme alanında referans olarak kabul edilen kuruluşların kişisel koruyucu önlemlere ilişkin düzenlemelerinin kapsamlı bir biçimde incelenmesi amacıyla yazılmıştır.