[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the intake of an
isotonic sports drink (500 ml water, 32 gr carbonhydrate, 120 mg calcium, 248 mg chloride,
230 mg sodium) the level of the skeletal muscle damage of orienteering athletes. [Subjects
and Methods] The study was carried out on 21 male elite orienteering athletes. The
athletes were divided into two groups by randomized double-blind selection. The
experimental group (n=11) was given the isotonic sports drink, while the placebo group
(n=10) was given 500 ml pure water. Blood samples were taken pre-competition,
post-competition, 2 hours post-competition and 24 hours post-competition. [Results] The
pre-c troponin, myoglobin and creatinine kinase serum levels of the placebo group were
significantly lower than the post-competition and 2 hours post-competition values. The 24
hours post-competition levels of the same analyses were also significantly lower than the
post-c and 2 hours post-competition. The pre-competition troponin, myoglobin and
creatinine kinase levels of the experimental group were found to be significantly lower
than the post-competition, 2 hours post-competition 24 hours post-competition values. In
conclusion, the present results suggest that the intake of supportive sports drinks before
exercising significantly prevents the observed muscle damage. The study showed that serum
myoglobin levels between the experimental and the placebo group is significantly different
during the 2 hours post-competition period. [Conclusion] The level of serum creatinine
kinase and myoglobin accurately shows the extent of the muscle damage. However, further
studies on the effect of isotonic sports drink in different training programs on the cell
membrane and the muscle damage are needed.
Objective of this study is to help the basic standing position training to take its part among basic exercises of the visually impaired individuals, and to observe the effects of this training on walking and balance skills.Method: 8 visually impaired sedentary individuals with impairment levels of B1 and B2 and ages of 18 to 24 voluntarily participated in the study. After acknowledging the visually impaired individuals with audial information regarding the study, they were told to brisk walk for 15 steps against the audio signal and then to heel-to-toe walk for 15 steps. Their corresponding walking distances, walking durations, directional impairments and losses of balance were recorded. During the 8 week period following this test, 45 minute training sessions accompanied by trainers that included 4 basic standing positions and their combinations were applied once a week, where the trainer corrected the individuals verbally and physically. Abovementioned tests were repeated after these 8 weeks. Gender categorization was not made since the participants were few in number. Non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was applied and a significant increase for the pretest was observed at a 0.05 significance level, where the distances walked increased and walking durations along with losses of balance decreased.Result: It was observed that walking skills of visually impaired individuals that received verbal and physical assistance, and that effectively performed basic positions and their combinations were smoother and more confident; that their walking distances were increased, their losses of balance were decreased and that they encountered less deviations from the direction of movement while walking, compared to their pretest conditions. Starting from this point of view, it might be concluded that the basic standing positions were highly beneficial and applicable activities for walking training of visually impaired individuals.
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