This study validated a 10-item COVID-19 Burnout Scale (COVID-19-BS) to measure burnout associated with COVID-19. Participants were 402 Turkish adults (76.4% female; Mean age ¼ 27.37 ± 8.90). Factor analytic approach yielded a one-factor solution, with high internal consistency reliability. Mediation analysis showed that COVID-19 stress predicted resilience and COVID-19 burnout. Resilience predicted COVID-19 burnout. The relationship between COVID-19 burnout and COVID-19 stress was partially mediated by resilience. Findings suggest that the COVID-19-BS is a psychometrically sound scale to measure burnout related to COVID-19. Findings also elucidate our understanding of the role of resilience in the relationship between stress and burnout related to COVID-19.

There is burgeoning evidence showing the negative impact of fear of COVID-19 on various mental health outcomes. Little is known about the underlying mechanism of the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and sleep problems in times of health crisis. This study aims to examine whether fear of COVID-19 was associated with sleep problems through happiness and problematic social networking sites (SNS) use. Participants included 506 young adults (67.6% females; mean age = 28.23 ? 8.73 years) drawn from the general public in Turkey. Results showed that fear of COVID-19 had a significant predictive effect on happiness (? = -0.15, p < 0.01), problematic SNS use (? = 0.32, p < 0.01), and sleep problems (? =0.36, p < 0.01)0. Most importantly, happiness (effect = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.04]) and problematic SNS use (effect = 0.07, 95% CI [0.04, 0.11]) mediated the impact of fear of COVID-19 on sleep problems. These findings suggest that happiness and problematic SNS use are important factors that can help explain the association between fear of COVID-19 and sleep problems among young adults. Intervention and prevention programs can be developed to reduce the effect of fear the of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep problems of young adults by considering the roles of happiness and SNS use in the context of health crises or other stressful situations.

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