BACKGROUND: The Egyptian alfalfa weevil, Hypera brunneipennis causes damage on different parts of alfalfa plants. Therefore, four agricultural treatments are carried out included calcium super phosphate addition (15.5% P 2 O 5 ), potassium sulphate addition (50% K 2 O), microelements spraying and hand removing of weeds to reduce the population of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil and increase both the final yield and obtain a healthy plant. RESULTS:The treatment of calcium super phosphate (15.5% P 2 O 5 ), potassium sulphate (50% K 2 O), microelements spraying and hand removing of weeds gave less infestation of Egyptian alfalfa weevil [4.38 and 4.89 (larvae and adults/m 2 )] and the highest total fresh (70.08 and 74.52 ton/feddan), dry yield (19.37 and 19.70 ton/feddan) and plant height yield (60.00 and 61. 17 cm) in first and second seasons, respectively, with significant differences compared with the other treatments and the untreated check. Also, the same treatment gave the highest net benefit over untreated check 29.06 and 31.93 (thousand L.E./feddan) and net benefit/costs ratio/feddan (1.77 and 2.22) in first and second seasons, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Good agricultural treatments of calcium super phosphate addition (15.5% P 2 O 5 ), potassium sulphate addition (50% K 2 O), microelements spraying and hand removing of weeds play an important role in obtaining a healthy plant, reducing Egyptian alfalfa weevil infestation, and increasing total fresh yield, total dry yield, and plant height of alfalfa.
Y MAY of 2019, it was the first time to report fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) at Upper Egypt. So, two field experiments were conducted at Nubaria region, Behaira Governorate to find out the relationship between population of S. frugiperda larvae and maize grain yield, and to assess yield loss%, voltinism (annual number of generation) and to evaluate the economics of maize production under the circumstances of some insecticidal applications. The RCBD with four replicates was used and treatments included two insecticides (methomyl and emamectin benzoate) applied in trinary or binary sequences against fall armyworm. There was a negative correlation between population of S. frugiperda larvae and maize grain yield. Applying methomyl and emamectin benzoate in a trinary sequence produced the highest maize yield; 4.249 and 3.416 t/fed in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons, respectively. The highest quantitative yield losses were found in untreated check plots;77.76 and 78.89% in 1 st and 2 nd seasons, respectively. Methomyl, emamectin benzoate and methomyl sequence produced the highest net benefit over untreated check and net benefit/ total costs (%).The insect pest had 5 generations on maize plants during the growth period from May1 st to November 30 th in both seasons. To avoid the widespread off all armyworm, in Egypt, the growers are recommended to spray a sequence of insecticides, including methomyl 15 days after planting, emamectin benzoate, and methomyl at recommended doses with 10 day-interval between each two pesticide applications.
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