The first COVID-19 case in Turkey was reported on March 10, 2020, by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey. Due to the increasing number of cases, a curfew was declared on weekends as of 11–12 April 2020. Although curfews were only implemented on public holidays and weekends, there were reductions in industrial, traffic, and human activities. The restrictions and curfews implemented to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are a unique opportunity to understand the effects of anthropogenic sources on water quality. In this study, it was aimed to determine the temporal variations of the concentration of seven heavy metals (HMs) (Fe, Mn, Cu, Al, Cr, Ni, and Zn) in surface waters before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period, and their carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks that may occur through digestion and dermal absorption. Surface water samples were taken from 14 different sampling points within the borders of Bursa (Turkey). HM concentrations except Ni increased at rates ranging from 7.92–83.33% during the COVID-19 lockdown period compared to before the COVID-19 lockdown period. The heavy metal pollution index and heavy metal evaluation index increased during the COVID-19 lockdown period compared to before the COVID-19 lockdown period. Also, according to the results regarding the carcinogenic risk that may occur via digestion and dermal absorption, serious risks were determined for adults and children in both periods. Generally, similar correlation coefficients were obtained in both sampling periods, and it was concluded that HMs were affected by similar sources.

Bu çalışmada, kentsel ve yarı kentsel bölgelerdeki hava ve polen örneklerinde organoklorlu pestisit (OCP) konsantrasyonlarının bölgesel ve zamansal değişimleri ile hava/polen arasındaki dağılımların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Örnekleme periyodu boyunca hava ve polen örneklerindeki toplam 10 OCP (∑10OCP) konsantrasyonları kentsel örnekleme noktası için sırasıyla 318.2±73.7 pg/m 3 v 21.7±5.1 ng/g, yarı-kentsel örnekleme noktası için ise sırasıyla 390.1±103.5 pg/m 3 ve 20.0±3.3 ng/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca α-HCH ve endosülfan-ß bileşiklerinin hem polen hem de hava örneklerinde en baskın OCP bileşikleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Her iki örnekleme noktasında genellikle yaz aylarında yüksek OCP konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Hava ve polen arasındaki OCP geçişlerinin belirlenmesi için polen/hava dağılım katsayısı (𝐾 𝑃𝐴 ) hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, hem kentsel hem de yarı-kentsel örnekleme noktasında genellikle polenden dış ortam havasına OCP geçişlerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.In this study, it was aimed to determine the regional and temporal variations of organochlorine pesticide (OCP) concentrations in air and pollen samples in urban and semi-urban areas and the distribution between air/pollen. A total of 10 OCP (∑10OCP) concentrations in air and pollen samples during the sampling period were determined as 318.2±73.7 pg/m 3 and 21.7±5.1 ng/g for the urban sampling point and 390.1±103.5 pg/m 3 and 20.0±3.3 ng/g for the semi-urban point, respectively. In addition, it was determined that α-HCH and endosulfanß compounds were the most dominant OCP compounds in both pollen and air samples. High OCP concentrations were measured at both sampling points, usually during the summer months. Pollen/air partition coefficient (𝐾 𝑃𝐴 ) was calculated to determine OCP exchange between air and pollen. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that there are generally OCP transitions from pollen to ambient air at both urban and semi-urban sampling points.

The first COVID-19 case in Turkey was reported on March 10, 2020, by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey. Due to the increasing number of cases, a curfew was declared on weekends as of 11-12 April 2020. Although curfews were only implemented on public holidays and weekends, there were reductions in industrial, traffic, and human activities. The restrictions and curfews implemented to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are a unique opportunity to understand the effects of anthropogenic sources on water quality. In this study, it was aimed to determine the temporal variations of the concentration of seven heavy metals (HMs) (Fe, Mn, Cu, Al, Cr, Ni, and Zn) in surface waters before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period, and their carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks that may occur through digestion and dermal absorption. Surface water samples were taken from 14 different sampling points within the borders of Bursa (Turkey). HM concentrations except Ni increased at rates ranging from 7.92% to 83.33% during the COVID-19 lockdown period compared to before the COVID-19 lockdown period. The heavy metal pollution index and heavy metal evaluation index increased during the COVID-19 lockdown period compared to before the COVID-19 lockdown period. Also, according to the results regarding the carcinogenic risk that may occur via digestion and dermal absorption, serious risks were determined for adults and children in both periods. Generally, similar correlation coefficients were obtained in both sampling periods, and it was concluded that HMs were affected by similar sources.

Reçine ve Saf su medyalarında PCB'lerin konsantrasyon değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda bir yıl boyunca bir aylık örnekleme periyotlarında hava örnekleri toplanmıştır. Ortalama atmosferik Ʃ 61 PCB konsantrasyonları PUF Disk, XAD-2 Reçine ve Saf su medyalarında sırasıyla 89±71, 56±92, 32±25 pg/m 3 değerlerini almıştır. Ayrıca tüm medyalarda elde edilen PCB konsantrasyonlarının mevsimsel dağılımları yaz, sonbahar, kış ve ilkbahar mevsimlerinde sırasıyla, PUF Disk medyasında 146±93, 104±53, 40±19 ve 46, ±19 pg/m 3 , XAD-2 reçine medyasında 118±147, 15±6, 13±5 ve 56±53 pg/m 3 ve son olarak Saf Su medyasında 34±37, 36±25, 35±24 ve 39±28 pg/m 3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Tüm medyalarda 3-ve 4-klorobifeniller (CB'ler) baskın homolog grup olarak bulunmuştur. Bu değerler daha önce benzer özelliğe sahip bölgelerde ve medyalarda yapılmış olan çalışmalarla benzerlik göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: yarı uçucu organik bileşikler, PCB, BUTAL, pasif hava örnekleyici Seasonal determination of the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using a passive air sampler in a region where traffic is intense in Bursa