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BACKGROUNDThe Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22 has multiple items that reflect how nasal disease affects quality of life. Currently, no validated Arabic version of the SNOT-22 is available.OBJECTIVETo develop an Arabic-validated version of SNOT-22.DESIGNProspective.SETTINGTertiary care center.PATIENT AND METHODSThis single-center validation study was conducted between 2015 and 2017 at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The SNOT-22 English version was translated into Arabic by the forward and backward method. The test and retest reliability, internal consistency, responsiveness to surgical treatment, discriminant validity, sensitivity and specificity all were tested.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESValidated Arabic version of the SNOT-22.RESULTSOf 265 individuals, 171 were healthy volunteers and 94 were chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The Arabic version showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s of 0.94), and the ability to differentiate between diseased and healthy volunteers (P<.001). The translated versions demonstrated the ability to detect the change scores significantly in response to intervention (P<.001).CONCLUSIONThis is the first validated Arabic version of SNOT-22. The instrument can be used among the Arabic population.LIMITATIONSNo subjects from other Arab countries.

Caspases are key intracellular molecules in the control of apoptosis, but little is known concerning their relative contribution to the cascade of events leading to eosinophil apoptosis. We examined caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities in receptor ligation dependent apoptosis induction in the cultured eosinophils (CE). CE cultured alone for 48 hours exhibited constitutive apoptosis (12% ± 1.2). Significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of eosinophil apoptosis was observed following monoclonal antibody (Mab) treatment with CD45 (40% ± 0.7), CD95 (36% ± 1.6), or CD69 (34% ± 0.2). Caspase activity was analysed using the novel CaspaTagTM technique and flow cytometry. CE ligated with CD45 (Bra55), CD95 (Fas) and CD69 Mab resulted in caspase-3 and -9 activation after 16 hours post-ligation. This trend in caspase-3 and -9 activation continued to increase significantly through to the 20 and 24 hours time points when compared to isotype control. Activated up-stream caspase-8 was detected 16 and 20 hours after treatment with CD45, CD95 and CD69 Mab followed by a trend toward basal levels at 24 hours. Ligation of CD95 was followed by mitochondrial permeabilization, as demonstrated by marked increase in mitochondrial transmembrane potential ([Formula: see text]) at all time points. However, ligation with CD45 and CD69 failed to induce a change in [Formula: see text] at 16 hours post-treatment compared to isotype control even though there was an alteration in mitochondrial downstream-caspase activity following ligation with these Mab(s) at this time point. At 20 and 24 hours post-ligation, CD45 or CD69 induce significantly altered levels of [Formula: see text]. Thus, the intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways are involved in controlling receptor ligation-mediated apoptosis induction in human eosinophils, findings that may aid the development of a more targeted, anti inflammatory therapy for asthma.

BACKGROUND:The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22 has multiple items that reflect how nasal disease affects quality of life. Currently, no validated Arabic version of the SNOT-22 is available. OBJECTIVE:. To develop an Arabic-validated version of SNOT-22. DESIGN: Prospective.

Objectives: To determine the clinical features of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh,