The present study was undertaken to investigate the structural changes in both cholinesterase(ChE)-positive nerve fibers and adrenergic nerves with formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in pregnant and postpartum uteri of both the albino rat and guinea pig. Particular attention was directed to the relationship between these changes and the local factors associated with the growing fetus. ChE reaction was absent in the control and pregnant uterus of the guinea pig. In the albino rat, there were signs of degeneration in pregnancy. These were evidenced by vacuolation of large nerve trunks and the presence of focal segments with very faint reaction along the course of the nerve bundles. Myometrial segments from fetus-containing horns showed some fragmented nerve fibers, but at the same time some other normal ones. Most of the fine nerve bundles gave a weak reaction. Three weeks after delivery, multiple ChE fibers were found in the uterus of the albino rat. The normal appearance was, however, not regained and some nerve fibers were still fragmented. Noradrenergic (NA) nerve fibers were disintegrated and markedly reduced in number in the myometrium of the pregnant uterus of both the guinea pig and albino rat, particularly in the uterine horns that were distended by fetuses. The number of NA fibers was not significantly reduced in the tubal ends of the albino rat uterus. Three weeks after delivery, normal NA fibers were seen in the myometrium of both the albino rat and guinea pig uterus. Nerves with reduced fluorescence reaction were observed less frequently.

Fifty 1-2-month-old Guinea pigs were divided into 5 equal groups, 10 each. Control (Gp1) did receive neither viable bacteria nor treatment. Each animal from the other groups (Gp2–5) was challenged with (1-2 × 108) viable E. coli in 200 μL normal saline (0.9%) through IP route. GP2 infected group was treated with 200 μL saline IP and kept as positive control group. Gp3-4 are infected and treated with Withania somnifera (ethanol root extract) with doses 50 and 100 mg/kg. BW, respectively. Gp5 infected treated group was treated with cefoperazone antibiotic at dose 35 mg/Kg BW. The treatment by drug or the extracted medicinal plant was started 72 h after infection for 7 successive days. Serum and whole blood sample were collected from all groups 14 days after treatment to evaluate some hematological and biochemical changes as well as immunomodulatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Oral treatment of the plant extract caused significant benefit results in infected Guinea pig appeared in the correction of some hematological and biochemical parameters also try to suppressed inflammatory cytokine response represent in TNF-α. It could be concluded that W. somnifera extract has potent antibacterial activity, and this appears in the correction with hematological, biochemical, and immunological results.

The deltoid and gluteus maximus of the desert rat and the albino rat were examined histochemically for the distribution of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and cholinesterase (ChE). SDH activity showed that the deltoid and gluteus maximus muscles of the two animals consisted of three types of muscle fibres, with a predominance of muscle fibres that have higher SDH activity in both the deltoid and gluteus maximus muscles of the desert rat than in the albino rat. The mean diameter of all muscle fibres in the deltoid and gluteus maximus muscles and their ratios to the average body weight were determined in both animals. The desert rat showed a statistically significant increase in those ratios compared with the corresponding ratios for the albino rat. ChE activity showed that the deltoid and gluteus maximus muscles are richly innervated by intensely positive ChE motor end-plates with a predominance of plaque-like terminals. The mean diameters of the end-plates and the ratios of these diameters to the diameter of the muscle fibres together with their ratios to the body weight were determined. A correlation between these values and the histological findings is proposed.

No abstract

The distribution of nerves and cholinesterase activity in the skin of the desert and albino rats has been studied using both histological and histochemical techniques. Inthe desert rat, the skin was richly innervated. Specific cholinesterase was concentrated in the nervous network of the dermis and around the hair follicles, in the nerve bundles of the dermis in perivascular nerves in fine intra-epithelial nerves and in sensory end organs in the junctional area between the dermis and epidermis. In the albino rat, specific cholinesterase was concentrated in the sebaceous glands. The positive cholinesterase activity that was seen in the desert rat in intra-epithelial nerves, and in dermal and hair follicle networks could not be demonstrated.