Summaryobjective To investigate the epidemiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) and determinants of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards SCD in western Kordofan State, Sudan.methods A community-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in three towns. Three hundred and seventy-two households were polled, and blood samples for haemoglobin phenotyping were collected from 1116 individuals. Sociodemographic, socio-economic and KAP data were collected using investigator-administered questionnaires. Descriptive, frequency distribution and multiple regression analyses were performed.results About 50.9% of the study population were Misseriya tribes. Consanguineous marriages were reported by 67.5% of the households. The highest percentage of homozygous SCD was 2.8% among children under 5 years of age. About 24.9% were carriers of HbS allele (HbAS). HbS allele frequency was highest in children aged 5-11 years (18.3%, CI: 13.7-22.9%) and lowest in males >15 years old (12.0%, CI: 6.1-17.9%). The average HbS frequency across all age groups was 14.5% (95% CI: 12.2-16.8%). The most frequent b-globin gene cluster haplotype was the Cameroon (30.8%), followed by the Benin (21.8%), the Senegal (12.8%) and the Bantu (2.2%) haplotypes. About 17.0% of all-cause child deaths were due to SCD. The estimated change in log odds of having the SS genotype per year increase in age was (À) 0.0058 (95% CI À0.0359, 0.0242). This represents a non-statistically significant 2.9% increase in 5-year mortality for individuals with the SS genotype relative to those with AS and AA genotypes. About 46.9% of the households had poor knowledge, 26.1% had satisfactory knowledge, and 26.9% had good knowledge about sickle cell disease. Mothers' and fathers' educational levels were significant predictors of good knowledge about SCD (P < 0.05). About 48.0% had a satisfactory attitude towards sickle cell disease while 30.7% had poor attitude and only 21.3 showed good attitudes. Poor knowledge about SCD and low socioeconomic status were the strongest positive predictors of poor attitude and practices towards SCD (P < 0.01).conclusions Sickle cell disease is a major health problem in West Kordofan, Sudan. Knowledge, attitude and practices towards the disease are not satisfactory. The development of public health programs is highly recommended to control and manage SCD in western parts of Sudan.keywords sickle cell disease, genetic epidemiology, western Sudan, haplotypes, knowledge attitude and practices 642

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A new series of the title pyrazole azo dye systems has been synthesized. The new dyes are applied on nylon and cellulose acetate fibers to give dyed fabrics with excellent properties of colour intensity and fastness properties. The physical and spectral data of the investigated dyes are illustrated. The shifts of ultraviolet‐visible absorption maxima affected by the structural configuration of the pyrazole dye systems are investigated. The structural effects of the polyfunctionally substituted pyrazole dye systems on the intensity of colour and fastness properties of the dyed fabrics are discussed. The data of these studies are listed. The colour shades of the synthesized dyes on nylon and acetate fabrics are indicated.

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Three series of azo dye systems are considered, namely, 5‐oxo‐2‐pyrazoline azo dye systems 9 a‐d,1‐oxo‐pyrazolo pyrazole azo dye systems 10 a, b, c, e, 11 a, b, c, e, 12 a, b, c, e, 13 a‐d and 6‐oxo‐pyranopyrzole azo dye systems 14 a‐d. The shifts of ultraviolet‐visible absorption maxima affected by the structural configuration of the pyrazole dye systems are investigated. The structural effects of the polyfunctionally substituted pyrazole dye systems on the intensity of colour and fastness properties of the dyed fabrics are also discussed. The data of these studies are listed. Colour shades of the synthesized dyes on nylon and acetate fabrics are indicated.

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