Reconstruction of real object often involves branching contour cases. An effective technique is required to determine the correct corresponding sub contour between two connected contours. This is to ensure the accuracy of the resulted image. This study has introduced a contour matching method using the similarity of the sub contour centroid value. The technique is fast enough equivalence to the requirement of reconstruction technique which has to be time and space effective. The matched sub contours then are connected by introducing an intermediate contour called as composite contour. The technique has been applied in the reconstruction of human head and Stanford bunny from CT images. Beta-spline was employed as the fitted surface as this surface has capability to give smoothed and accurate result.
This paper focuses on multi-slice image reconstruction for CT images using Beta-spline. In reconstructing multi-slice images especially from living image, issues like continuity and accuracy contours arise. Commonly, high continuity is hard to be achieved because of the accuracy requirement and vice versa. Thus the image reconstruction process is prolonged to fulfill these constraints. This paper used cubic Beta-spline as the fitted surface in the image reconstruction process. Beta-spline is already has G 2 continuity which is unaffected by the changes in data points position. Surface fitting using Beta-spline has also simplified the branching surface case with the preserved continuity. This study shows the whole image reconstruction process using cubic Beta-spline, and the data used are CT images of human head, Stanford bunny and human pelvic.The produced images show that Beta-spline has capability to produce necessary images within the required continuity and accuracy.
Introduction: Triage is the nursing process and the first step for patients who came to or were brought to the Emergency Department (ED). As hospitals have more patients, the ED becomes overcrowded with non-emergency patients. An inaccurate triage decision not only delays patient treatment but also incurs unnecessary expenses for the facility. Patients in the waiting area should be reassessed to determine their conditions. Treatment for patients on a first-come, first-served basis without regard to the triage acuity level of their illnesses for severity, may result in delays for critically ill patients. The rationale of triage in the ED is to prioritize incoming patients and identify those who need to be seen first. Methods: Descriptive study using cross-sectional questionnaires for non-random sampling. Quantitative approaches were chosen as the study type. Questionnaires were completed by 41 of the selected sample size. The aim of the study is to determine the level of knowledge and skills in triage assessment among nurses in Emergency Department Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Results: Response rates of 100% were obtained from the study. 19 (46.3%) of the participants were aged between 31-40 years old. Most of the respondents have Bachelor’s in nursing which are 38 (92.7%). Respondents with experience in ED of about 11-20 years are 18 (43.9%) of the total. 100% of respondents say that they are familiar with the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) triage primary assessment. 100% will change the CTAS level when the patient deteriorates, and 100% agreed to give Paracetamol to the patient with a body temperature of more than 38 degrees. Seven skill level questions were completed with 100% correct answers. There is no significant relationship between triage knowledge and triage skill Conclusion: This finding indicates that there is a high level of knowledge and skill in triage assessment. Hence high knowledge and good skill should be maintained by continuing education, in-service, and training.
Introduction: The concept of spirituality can be found in the Quran explicitly by elucidatedly using items such as pure and good life (Hayate-tayyebeh), (2017) and pure heart (Ghalbe-Salim) (2016). According to Quranic creeds a human being experiences a special life in his spirituality. Methods: Articles downloaded from Pub Med, Pro Quest and Google Scholar was reviewed. Results: The following categories: (1) spiritual health including performing prayer as a calmingtool, beneficence as a path to God; loss of psychological and spiritual support; faith as a wayto happiness; (2) Spiritual beliefs, with three sub categories including seeking help from Godin difficulties, God’s power over life and death, doing good deeds is the God’s will; and (3)Religious practice with three sub categories including performing prayer; reading Quran; and going to mosque, religious ceremonies and pilgrimage. Conclusion: According to Islamic literature, spirituality means the use of intellect, tendencies, and abilities to experience awareness of the origin of the universe, worshiping God, humility, submission, and trust, which is demonstrated by a man/woman in all of his/her actions.
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