This research investigated the effectiveness of a forgiveness education program on reducing anger and ethnic prejudice and improving forgiveness in Iranian adolescents. There were 224 (Persian, Azeri, and Kurdish) male and female students in 8th grade who were selected from 3 provinces: Tehran, Eastern Azerbaijan, and Kurdestan. Schools were randomly assigned to 2 groups of experimental (N ϭ 123) and control (N ϭ 101) students. Measures included the Enright Forgiveness Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and the Ethnic Prejudice Scale, administered at pretest, posttest, and follow-up. The experimental group had forgiveness education by classroom teachers. The results indicated that the experimental group was higher in forgiveness and lower in ethnic prejudice, state anger, trait anger, and anger expression compared with the control group. This difference was statistically significant in the follow-up phase. It seems that forgiveness education in schools can be an important means of reducing anger and ethnic prejudice.
Educational Impact and Implications StatementResearch on forgiveness has shown its effectiveness in reducing resentment and increasing wellbeing. Forgiveness education in schools, as a new approach for reducing anger and ethnic prejudice, offers a unique opportunity for both psychological health and community peace. This can work in Eastern and Western cultures.
Background:Esophageal carcinoma is a common malignancy in the North East of Iran. Combined modality treatments have been adopted to improve survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma. In this trial, we evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of a preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy protocol in the patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma.Materials and Methods:Between 2006 and 2011, eligible patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma underwent concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy and 3-4 weeks later, esophagectomy. Pathologic response, overall survival rate, toxicity, and feasibility were evaluated.Results:One hundred ninety-seven patients with a median age of 59 (range: 27-70) entered the protocol. One hundred ninety-four cases (98.5%) had esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Grades 3-4 of toxicity in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradotherapy were as follows: Neutropenia in 21% and esophagitis in 2.5% of cases. There were 11 (5.6%) early death probably due to the treatment-related toxicities. One hundred twenty-seven patients underwent surgery with postsurgical mortality of 11%. In these cases, the complete pathological response was shown in 38 cases (29.9%) with a 5-year overall survival rates of 48.2% and median overall survival of 44 months (95% confidence interval, 24.46-63.54).Conclusion:The pathological response rate and the overall survival rate are promising in patients who completed the protocol as receiving at least one cycle of chemotherapy. However, the treatment toxicities were relatively high.
Thyroid metastases of occult breast cancer are very rare. A 48‐year‐old female patient presented with chronic bone pain, bone, liver and thyroid nodules, and pleural effusion. Histopathological result of the thyroid showed poorly differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma. However, clinical laboratory and immunohistochemistry studies showed breast origin of the thyroid lesion.
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