Introduction: Nursing students experience higher levels of stress than those in other health-related disciplines; however, there are limited data exploring stress among these students in a Saudi context. Aim: This study examines sources of stress among nursing students at an academic institution in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional research design. Methods: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 500 undergraduate nursing students, with a response rate of 71.8%, using an adapted Stress in Nursing Students (SINS) questionnaire. Results: Nursing student sources of stress fell into three categories: academic concerns, clinical practice, and social factors. Discussion: The results demonstrate commonality between other countries’ sources of stress for nursing students but highlight cultural factors unique to Saudi Arabia. This study shows opportunities for cross-cultural learning and areas needing cultural tailoring to reduce stress among nursing students.
Aims
To critically synthesize empirical studies on the impact of chronic pain on adolescents' school functioning and school personnel responses to managing pain in schools.
Design
Mixed method systematic review.
Data sources
Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, ScienLO, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for published articles from inception to December 2018.
Review methods
Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Data from the qualitative and quantitative studies were synthesized using parallel‐results convergent integrated design. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018 were used for assessing the quality of included studies.
Results
Chronic pain appears to have a significant negative influence on adolescents' school attendance, academic performance/achievement, academic competence, physical activities, and social functioning. However, other studies indicated that adolescents with chronic pain had better academic performance and competence than healthy peers and that chronic pain did not affect older adolescents' social functioning. There is limited guidelines and resources for how school personnel can help adolescents to manage pain in schools.
Conclusion
This review supports the need for future research on the impact of adolescents' chronic pain on the full dimensions of school functioning and to identify the effective responses of school personnel to managing adolescents' pain in schools.
Impact
Although findings are somewhat conflicting, overall adolescent's chronic pain appears to have a negative influence on school functioning. Yet limited guidelines exist for how school personnel should respond effectively to manage adolescents' pain in schools. The review indicates the importance of written policies to guide teachers on how to facilitate optimal pain management in schools. It also highlights the significance of clear communication between healthcare professionals and school personnel, adolescents with chronic pain and their parents to support optimal school functioning.
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