Objective: Preoccupation with a belief of insufficient muscularity affects mostly male gender throughout the world. Hence, it was necessary to study relationship between Drive for Muscularity and muscle dysmorphic tendencies in Pakistani culture.
Method: A cross sectional research design was conducted on 211 participants (bodybuilders) in the age range early and middle adulthood (M= 26.25; SD= 5.946). Study was carried out in Lahore Pakistan in 2017 from June to September 2017. An indigenous Drive for Muscularity Inventory and Y-BOCS (BDD-YBOCS) administered to determine the drive for muscularity and tendencies of muscle dysmorphia.
Results: The results indicated positive relationship between drive for muscularity and tendencies of muscle dysmorphia. Moreover, it revealed that 130 (62%) of the bodybuilders have a moderate level of drive for muscularity. Likewise, the unmarried bodybuilders with the age range of 18-25 years showed more drive for muscularity as compared to married bodybuilders with the age range of 26 and above (p< 0.001***).
Conclusion: It was concluded that drive for muscularity and muscle dysmorphic tendencies are prevailing in Pakistani culture.
Keywords: Drive for Muscularity, Tendencies of Muscle Dysmorphia, Continuous...
Sugarcane is a very important crop mostly cultivated in many regions of the world. Sugarcane is an important crop in tropical areas of the world, often being uncovered to environments with high salinity, but little is recognized of genetic variant in salt tolerance. The purpose of this work was once to examine the performance of two genetically various cultivars of sugarcane underneath specific concentrations of salinity (0, 40, eighty and a hundred and sixty mM NaCl) over a period of 30 days. SP 81–3250 was extra salt-tolerant and maintained its charge of biomass production, photosynthesis and leaf place up to one hundred sixty mM NaCl, whereas IAC 87–3396 was a sensitive to 80 mM NaCl. SP 81–3250 maintained very low concentrations of Na+ in both leaves and roots with increasing time and salinity, whereas in IAC 87–3396 the Na+ concentrations had been 2–5 instances higher. This suggests that the tolerance of SP 81–3250 to excessive salinity was due to its ability to leave out Na+ whilst taking up water from the soil, and that measurements of Na+ awareness in leaves should be used to pick out salt-tolerant genotypes for saline areas.
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