Along with the very actively progressing field of autonomous ground and aerial vehicles, the advent of autonomous vessels has brought up new research and technological problems originating from the specifics of marine navigation. Autonomous ships are expected to navigate safely and avoid collisions following COLREG navigation rules. Trustworthy navigation of autonomous ships presumes applying provably correct navigation algorithms and control strategies. We introduce the notion of maritime game as a special case of Stochastic Priced Timed Game and model the autonomous navigation using UPPAAL STRATEGO. Furthermore, we use the refinement technique to develop a game model in a correct-by-construction manner. The navigation strategy is verified and optimized to achieve the goal to safely reach the manoeuvre target points at a minimum cost. The approach is illustrated with a case study inspired by COLREG Rule 15.
Developing safety-critical systems requires to consider safety and real-time requirements in addition to functional requirements. Event-B is a formalism that is visualised by iUML-B and supports the development of functional aspects having rich verification and validation tools. However, it lacks well-established support for timing analysis. UPPAAL Timed Automata (UTA), on the other hand, address timing aspects of systems, and enable model checking reachability and timing properties. By integrating iUML-B and UTA, we combine the best verifying and validating practices from the two methods achieving a formal development of systems. We present the mapping for translating iUML-B constructs to UTA. The novel aspect is the use of a multi-process trigger-response pattern to address the modelling and verification of reachability properties of complex systems with concurrent processes. The approach is demonstrated on an airport control system, where timing, fairness, as well as liveness properties play a vital role in proving safety requirements. Keywords: Verification • Model checking • Timed automata • Event-B • iUML-B • UPPAAL • Real-time systems • Trigger-response patterns
IJCCBS covers all topics related to the engineering of computer-based systems (CBS) employed in mission and safety-critical applications. CBS feature increasingly large, distributed and heterogeneous architectures, which complicate their design and analysis. CBS are not isolated computer systems: context awareness, environmental factors and interaction with systems of different natures have become important aspects. Furthermore, dependability, resiliency, trustworthiness, survivability and performability are some of the many essential and non-elementary properties which often need to be predicted and demonstrated for such systems.
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