This paper provides a theoretical framework to explore how the support policies for renewable energies can promote rent-seeking incentives in private firms. We develop a political economy of rent-seeking that considers the link between the regulatory decisions of political agents and the potential scope of socially wasteful pursuits. We argue that systematic public support schemes bring rent-seeking as a perception shared by entrepreneurs that influencing political allocations of resources is an essential and potentially preferable source of private profit than other for-profit economic avenues. As evidence of our claims, the framework is applied to the case of Spain to illustrate the economic effects of support policies on the production and distribution of renewable energy. We find rent-seeking behavior in Spain’s renewable energy industry, and precisely that: (i) political regulations have induced market concentration and rent-seeking in renewable energy firms, (ii) these firms have required increasing regulations and premiums to survive, and (iii) energy consumers are forced to pay rent-seeking through increasingly expensive electricity bills. The analysis reveals some challenges and opportunities to drive efficient market-based policies to strengthen entrepreneurial competition and curb rent-seeking behavior. These insights have relevant proposals for the Spanish energy industry in complying with the EU Green Deal through a sustainable transition and comprehensive growth.
The COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge for health systems. For this reason, it is essential to evaluate the management of health systems in the face of the pandemic, identifying the factors that may contribute to its failure or success. This management is more difficult in decentralized countries, since in them, health competencies are distributed among different levels of government. This is the case in Spain, one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. Therefore, the aim of this article is to evaluate how the Spanish health system has managed the COVID-19 pandemic. Four factors related to health management are analyzed: transparency, communication, reputation and well-being generated. For this purpose, a quantitative analysis is used with the contrast of secondary sources, such as the Merco rankings or survey data from the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (Sociological Research Center). The results show that although the flow of communication about the health system increases considerably, such information comes mainly from the media, with a deficit in the transparency of health management. Likewise, although the reputation of the health system increases at the beginning of the pandemic, as it progresses, there is a deterioration in citizen satisfaction with the healthcare management and the services provided, as well as in the well-being generated by them. This study may have implications for decision making by public authorities regarding the different factors of health management.
Digital media are present in all areas of society, even configured as a new space for political socialization. This is especially applicable in the case of young people due to their high use of new technologies, as they are also trained with the necessary skills to do so. In this context, social networks have prompted the emergence of a new type of political participation: which takes place online. Therefore, this study delves into the relationship between the socialization that occurs in the network, digital skills and political participation online and offline. A quantitative survey-based methodology was used with university students from three Ibero-American countries: Mexico, Spain and Chile. The fieldwork was conducted between the months of December 2017 and June 2018. The results obtained show that young people consume mainly digital media, which does not prevent them from being critical with the quality they deserve. In this sense, the political participation actions in which they are involved are mostly developed in the network, thus participating to a lesser extent offline. Therefore, young people enter the world of politics through the consumption of information on the Internet, which favors a subsequent online political participation. Los medios digitales están presentes en todos los ámbitos de la sociedad, configurándose incluso como un nuevo espacio para la socialización política. Ello es especialmente aplicable en el caso de los jóvenes debido al elevado uso que realizan de las nuevas tecnologías, al estar capacitados también con las habilidades necesarias para ello. En este contexto, las redes sociales han propiciado el surgimiento de un nuevo tipo de participación política: la que tiene lugar de forma online. Por tanto, esta investigación indaga sobre la relación existente entre la socialización que se produce en la red, las habilidades digitales y la participación política en línea y fuera de línea. Se utiliza una metodología cuantitativa a partir de la realización de encuestas a jóvenes universitarios de México, España y Chile. El trabajo de campo se desarrolló entre los meses de diciembre de 2017 y junio de 2018. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los jóvenes consumen principalmente medios digitales, lo cual no impide que sean críticos con la calidad que merecen los mismos. En relación con ello, las acciones de participación política en las que se implican se desarrollan en su mayoría en la red, participando así en menor medida fuera de línea. Por tanto, los jóvenes se introducen en el mundo de la política a través de Internet mediante el consumo de información, lo que favorece una posterior participación política online.
Elecciones municipales • Líderes políticos • Localismo • Nacionalización • RegionalizaciónResumen Las elecciones municipales han sido tradicionalmente conceptualizadas como unas convocatorias de segundo orden, estando así supeditadas a la situación política nacional. Sin embargo, los electores podrían tener en cuenta factores nacionales, regionales o propiamente locales para definir su voto en estas convocatorias. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es examinar la incidencia electoral de dichos factores a través del liderazgo político. Así, se comprueba el efecto de los líderes nacionales, regionales y locales en el voto municipal en el ámbito de la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía. Se utiliza como técnica de análisis la regresión logística binaria. Los resultados muestran que los candidatos locales tienen un mayor impacto en las elecciones municipales que los líderes nacionales y regionales, de modo que las consultas locales tendrían una autonomía propia. AbstractMunicipal elections have traditionally been conceptualized as subordinate to the national political situation, and thus considered second-order elections. However, voters could take into account national, regional or specifically local factors in determining their vote in these elections. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the electoral impact of these factors through political leadership. Thus, using binary logistic regression, we examine and confirm the impact of national, regional and local leaders in the municipal vote in the Autonomous Region of Andalusia. The results show that local candidates have a greater impact on municipal elections than national and regional leaders, so local elections have their own autonomy. Cómo citarOrtega-Villodres, Carmen y Recuero-López, Fátima (2020). «Liderazgo político y elecciones municipales: ¿nacionalización, regionalización o localismo?». Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 169: 123-142. (http://dx.doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.169.123) La versión en inglés de este artículo puede consultarse en http://reis.cis.es Reis. Rev.Esp.Investig.Sociol. ISSN-L: 0210-5233. Nº 169, Enero -Marzo 2020, pp. 123-142 124 Liderazgo político y elecciones municipales: ¿nacionalización, regionalización o localismo? IntroduccIónLas elecciones locales han ocupado un lugar secundario en la investigación electoral (Capó, 1991;Delgado, 2010) frente al interés suscitado por las convocatorias de otros niveles de gobierno, como el nacional y el regional. Esto se debería, entre otras razones, a la consideración de la arena local como una esfera política no lo suficientemente autónoma, lo que ha propiciado incluso el cuestionamiento del carácter local de las consultas municipales (Curtice y Payne, 1991;McLean et al., 1996; Heath et al., 1999; Quinlivan y Weeks, 2010). Estas han sido conceptualizadas por parte de la literatura académica como elecciones de segundo orden, de modo que se encontrarían supeditadas a la situación política nacional (Reif y Schmitt, 1980). Como consecuencia, el estudio de las elecciones munici...
Este trabajo indaga en cómo la ciudadanía percibe a sus líderes políticos, no sólo en un momento determinado, sino a lo largo de su mandato y de sus carreras políticas, y cómo su popularidad está condicionada por el calendario electoral.
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